西方管理思想史.pptxVIP

第五章 古典组织理论第一页，共三十五页。 第一节 法约尔的组织管理理论一般管理理论Administrative Management 第二页，共三十五页。 一、生平简介从1866年开始一直担任高级管理职务，对全面管理工作有深刻的体会和了解，积累了管理大企业的经验。并在此度过了58年的职业管理生涯。 代表作《工业管理和一般管理》（General and Industrial Management）第三页，共三十五页。 二、法约尔的管理思想 Both Fayol and Taylor were arguing that principles existed which all organization could implement in order to operate and be administered efficiently .This type of assertion represented a “one best way” approach to management thinking. Fayol’s five functions were still relevant to discussion today about management roles and action. Though they differed in approach, Fayol and Taylor were working on the same problem Taylor fronted the shop up, and Fayol from the board of direction down. Taylor’s approach to management dealt with specifics of job analysis, employees’ motions, and lime standards, while Fayol viewed management as a teachable theory dealing with planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.第四页，共三十五页。 Fayol’s influence on the thinking in France and in many other European countries had surely been equal to that of Taylor in the United States .The work of these two brilliant men was complementary, though they differed completely in their approach .Taylor concerned himself with the work level and the technical ability in management. Fayol, on the other hand, concentrated on management from the top down, emphasizing managerial ability and the application of sound management principles and techniques to all organizations.第五页，共三十五页。 1、法约尔对“经营”和“管理”区别 法约尔认为，“经营”是指导或引导一个组织趋向某一既定目标，它的内涵中包括了管理；法约尔提出了普遍意义上的管理定义，即“管理是普遍的一种单独活动，有自己的一套知识体系，由各种职能构成，管理者通过完成各种职能来实现目标的一个过程。” 管理包括在经营之中。 第六页，共三十五页。 法约尔认为，企业无论大小，简单还是复杂，其全部活动都可以概括为六种：①技术活动(指生产、制造、加工等活动)；②商业活动(指购买、销售、交换等活动)；③财务活动(指资金的筹措和运用等活动)；④安全活动(指设备维护和职工安全等活动)⑤会计活动(指货物盘存、成本统计、核算等活动)；⑥管理活动(其中又包括计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制五项职能活动)。 第七页，共三十五页。 2、管理的职能计划：管理人员要尽可能准确预测企业未来的各种事态，确定企业的目标和完成目标的步骤。法约尔还认为一个好的计划应具有以下几个特点： 统一性 连续性 灵活性