高考英语考点18比较级.pdfVIP

考点十八 比较级 1. 比较级、最高级的构成 (1) 单音节和少数双音节词 ①一般在词尾加 er 或 est great— greater—greatest, young—younger — youngest, slow — slower — slowest ②以 e 结尾的只加 r 或 st nice— nicer— nicest, large— larger— largest. ③以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，先变 y 为 i,再加 er 或 est heavy— heavier— heaviest,easy— easier— easiest,busy— busier— busiest, funny —funnier — funniest, early — earlier— earliest ④以重读闭音节结尾的词，先双写最末的一个辅音字母，再加 er 或 est. big — bigger— biggest, thin — thinner — thinnest, fat —fatter—fattest, fit —fitter —fittest (2) 多音节和部分双音节词，前加 more 为比较级，加 (the)most 为最高级 careful— more careful— most careful; useful — more useful— most useful popular — more popular— most popular; carelessly —more carelessly — most carelessly (3) 不规则变化的词 good/well —better— best bad/ill/badly —worse—worst many/much — more— most little — less— least old — older/elder — oldest(指年龄大小 )/ eldest( 指长幼顺序 ) far —farther/further —farthest( 指距离 )/furthest( 指程度 ) 2. 形容词和副词比较级的用法 ①用于两者比较，表示 “比…… 更 ……”： A+ 系动词 +形容词比较级 +than+B ： I am two years older than my little sister. A+ 谓语动词 +副词比较级 +than+B ： She gets to school earlier than the other students. ②用于两者之间的同级比较，表示 “……和 …… 一样 ”： A+ 系动词 +as+形容词原级 +as+B ：Bill is as funny as his father. A+ 谓语动词 +as+副词原级 +as+B ：Lucy speaks Chinese as well as Lily. ③表示甲在某方面不如乙： A+ 系动词 +not as/so+形容词原级 +as 十 B：These books aren ’t as interesting as those. A+ 助动词 / 情态动词 +not+ 谓语动词 +as/so+B ：She didn ’t sing so well that night as she usually does. ④表示某个范围内的两者相比： “A+动词 +the+ 比较级 +of 短语 (比较范围 ) ” Penny is the taller of the two girls. Penny 是这两个女孩中较高的一个。 I prefer the cheaper one of the two books. Of the two brothers, he is the cleverer. ⑤若三者之比较，则 Of the three girls, she is the cleverest. ⑥表示 “越来越 ……”： “比较级 +and+ 比较级 ”