电焊工人的职业暴露防控综述.docVIP

电焊工人职业暴露的防控（综述） 摘要：目的：基于人文主义关怀，人们也越来越重视自身工作环境的质量。而随着经济的持续高速发展，从事电焊工作的人数逐渐增多。但对于电焊工人在工作中，因其设备简单、分布复杂、所接触的有毒有害物质种类多，认识并不完整，因此对其防护也不全面。拟对电焊工人的工作流程做一个全面分析，加以检测某工厂电焊工人在日常工作中的职业暴露情况，为工厂电焊工人的职业健康教育和职业健康防护提供科学依据。方法：用“到工厂采集样品”的方式对某工厂的电焊工人的工作环境连续三天进行检测。分别选择一天中各职业危害因素浓度最高的上午时刻和下午时刻进行检测，由研究者当场采集样品，回来后交分析测试中心检测样品。本次调查共收集了1个岗位（共14个样品），剔除不合格样品，获得有效样品数量14个，样品有效率为100%。全部样品经过消化等样品前处理后，分别采用原子吸收光谱仪、气相色谱仪、毛细管电泳仪等设备，得到相应的响应值，然后根据此做出标准曲线，以给未知样品定量分析，判定样品含量是否超标。结果：电焊工职业暴露的危险因素具有复杂性、多变性、不确定性，影响电焊工人的主要职业危害因素有生产性噪声、锰及其化合物、苯及其化合物、生产性粉尘。结论：从源头上控制、传播途径上阻断、改革工艺、改变生产流程、加强通风除尘等措施可以减少电焊工人的职业暴露，加强防护用品的自查，减少职业病的发生。 关键词：电焊工人；职业危害因素；职业暴露 Abstract: Objective: based on awareness of humanism, people pay more and more attention to their working environment. With?the?rapid?development?of?economy,?the?number?of?welders??gradually?increases. However, the protection during their work from the poisnous material is incomplete duetolackofrecognition.This?article?aims?at?a?comprehensive?analysis?for?the?work?flow?of?the?welders??to test the daily occupational exposure of welders in a factory to provide scientific basis for occupational health education and protection. Method: to test the working environment of the welders for three consecutive days with sampling from the factory. Researchers collect samples in the morning and afternoon respectively, which contain occupational hazard factor of highest concentration in various fields, then hand them over to the center of forecasting and analysis. Except for the unqualified samples, 14 effective samples can be obtained in one post (14 samples in total) with the effective rate reaching to 100%. After the sample pretreatment like slaking, corresponding response value of atomic absorption spectrometer, gas chromatograph and capillary electrophoresis apparatus can also be obtained. Then quantitative analysis of the unknown samples can be made based on the standard curve to decide whether the sample content is excessive. Result: The major hazard factors of welding occupatio