血栓与止血筛选试验的应用课件.ppt

* * * * * * * * Slide 3 Atherothrombosis: a Generalized and Progressive Process Atherothrombosis is the common underlying disease process for MI, ischemia and vascular death. ACS are classic examples of atherothrombosis (plaque rupture and thrombus formation). ACS (in common with ischemic stroke and critical leg ischemia) are typically caused by rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque followed by formation of a platelet-rich thrombus. Atherosclerosis is an ongoing process affecting mainly large and medium-sized arteries, which can begin in childhood and progress throughout a person’s lifetime. Stable atherosclerotic plaques may encroach on the lumen of the artery and cause chronic ischemia, resulting in (stable) angina pectoris or intermittent claudication, depending on the vascular bed affected. Unstable atherosclerotic plaques may rupture, leading to the formation of a platelet-rich thrombus that partially or completely occludes the artery and causes acute ischemic symptoms. * * The number of patients affected by venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been estimated to be: - Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) – up to 145 patients per 100 000 population (age- and sex adjusted to the US 1980 white population) 1,2 - Pulmonary embolism (PE) – up to 69 patients per 100 000 population (Olmsted Country (USA), white population only) 3 Venous thrombosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and is responsible for 300,000–600,000 hospitalisations in the USA alone each year. PE is potentially the most serious complication of VTE. 1. Gillum RF. Am Heart 1987. 1987;114:1262-1264 2. Anderson F Jr, Wheeler HB, Goldberg RJ, et al. A Population-based perspective of the hospital incidence and case-fatality rates of deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: the Worcester study. Arch Intern Med 1991;151:933-938 3. Silverstein MD, Heit JA, Mohr DN, et al. Trends in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Archives of Internal Medicine 1998;158: