毕业论文设计《基于AVR单片机的声音引导系统设计》.doc

PAGE w w 摘 要 声音引导系统是全球卫星定位系统（GPS）在实验室内的一个缩影。GPS是20世纪70年代由美国陆海空三军联合研制的新一代空间卫星导航定位系统,其主要目的是用于军事。利用测时差法对地面辐射源（雷达站、通信站、广播站等）进行被动定位。GPS采用地心坐标系，其坐标原点设在地球的中心，利用三颗卫星对地面辐射源进行时差测量，可以得到两个独立的时差方程，再利用地球的球面方程，对三个方程联立求解，既可得辐射源的三维坐标数值。最后通过坐标转换，就可以得到辐射源的经度和纬度数值。后来GPS扩展到民用，例如用于汽车的导航。在汽车上安装收发装置，利用三星测距法，可得到汽车的位置参数，经过多次测量和数据处理方法（如最小二乘法、卡尔曼滤波等）可以进一步提高定位精度。另外在汽车引导器上安装有服务区的地理信息库，根据当时测得的地理位置，可以较准确地计算汽车离目的地的距离，并引导汽车前行。 本设计采用两块ATMEGA16单片机（以下以单片机1、2区分），单片机2作为可移动声源(小车作为载体)的控制核心，控制小车的运动状态和无线收发模块。单片机1作为三路接收器收集到信息的处理核心，并与单片机2进行无线通讯。喇叭通过单片机2控制产生5KHZ音频信号，三个驻极体话筒在不同位置接收音频信号，根据接收到音频信号的时间差判断出小车与A,B,C三点的位置关系，通过无线发送装置发送给单片机2，控制小车的行驶。基于完备而可靠的硬件设计，使用一套稳定可靠的软件算法，实现了小车在规定速度内顺利完成任务。 【关键词】 时差测量 声音引导 无线收发 Abstract Sound guide system is an epitome that the global positioning satellite (GPS) in the laboratory. GPS is in the 1970s by the American armed forces joint development of a new generation of space satellite navigation and positioning system, its main purpose is used by the military. Use the method of measuring time from ground emitters (radar station, etc.), radio stations passive location. GPS employ a geocentric coordinate system, its origin in the center of the earth coordinate, Using 3 satellite to ground emitters for time measurement, can get two independent time equation, and then the earths surface equation, the solution, the three simultaneous equations can not only have to emitters of 3d coordinate values. Finally the coordinate transformation can get emitters of latitude and longitude values. Later GPS expanded to civil, such as used in automobile navigation. In the car setup transceiver, using the Three-star ranging method, can get car position parameters, after many measurement and data processing methods (such as least squares, Kalman filter, etc) can be further improved positioning accuracy. This design uses the two ATMEGA16 taking single-chip microcontroller ( 1, 2 distinguish), microcontroller as mobile source (car as a carrier) control core, controlling trolley state of motion and