毕业论文设计《基于AT89S51单片机的带有防撞预警功能的小车设计》.doc

摘 要 近年来随着科技的飞速发展，单片机的应用正在不断地走向深入，同时带动传统控制检测，日新月益更新。在实时检测和自动控制的单片机应用系统中，单片机往往是作为一个核心部件来使用。 单片机是把主要计算机功能部件都集成在一块芯片上的微型计算机。它是一种集计数和多中接口于一体的微控制器，被广泛应用在智能产品和工业自动化上，而51单片机是个单片机中最为典型和最有代表性的一种。 本设计主要应用AT89S51作为控制核心，与显示电路（八段数码管），检测电路（反射式红外发射-接收器），超声波电路，驱动电路（L298）等相结合的系统。充分发挥了AT89S51单片机的性能。本设计的优点是硬件电路应用模块化设计，方便简单；软件部分采用主程序-子程序的形式，模块简单，功能完善，控制系统可靠，具有一定的使用和参考价值。 关键词：单片机；AT89S51；微控制器；红外 ABSTRACT In recent years with the rapid development of technology,SCMapplications are continually deepening, led the traditional control of the Crescent benefit update. In real-time detection and control of the MCU application systems, SCM is often as a core component to use, SCM is the main function of the computer components are integrated in a chip micro-computer. It is a set of interfaces and multiple counts integrates microcontrollers, are widely used in industrial automation products and smart, and 51 is a microcontroller, the most typical and the most representative one. Takeing AT89S51 as its controlling core, this design combines display circuit(Eight-bit nixie tube ), exammine circuit( Reflective IR Reflection-Receiver), Ultrasonic wave circuit and drving circuit(L298) to a whole system, giving full scope to the single chip of AT89S51. The advantage of this design is that the hardware circuit uses a design of modularized circuit which is convenient and quite easy to opearate; as the part of software, the design adopts a form from main to subprogram,which has a certain references and useful value that is not only easy but also having a perfect function and stable controlling system. Key Words：SCM; AT89S51; micro-compute; IR 目 录 MACROBUTTON InsertCrossReference TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u 1 引言 1 1.1 AT89S51芯片超声波简介 1 1.1.1 AT89S51芯片引脚结构 1 1.2 超声波简介 2 2 硬件设计 4 2.1 硬件电路 4 2.2 单片机复位电路 4 2.3 显示电路 5 2.4 电机驱动电路 6 2.5 555定时器产生PWM脉宽电机调制电路 8 2.6 超声波模块设计 10 2.7 按键控制电路 11 2.8 路面检测模块的设计 12 3 软件设计 14 3.1 软件编译环境 14 3.2 程序流程图 15 3.3 超声波软件设计 15 3.4