建国初期贵州土地改革研究-中国近现代史专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 1951年5月至1952年12月间，解放不久的贵州开展了一场范围广、 程度深、涉及人口多、成效明显的土地改革运动。 贵州是一个民族众多的的省份，除汉族外，还有苗、布依、侗、 彝、回、壮、瑶等少数民族，当时少数民族人口达400多万；各少数 民族地区经济文化非常落后，人们生活十分艰难。在这样一个地区开 展土改，便遇到了与广大汉族地区不同的情况，因而采取的政策及开 展方式便有了其自身的特点。 在完成土改试点后，贵州土地改革共分四期进行：第一期从1951 年5月开始，到1951年7月底结束，范围为49个县内的133个乡（人口 133万多）；第二期从1951年8月初开始，至10月底结束，共在56个县、 467万人口的地区完成了土地分配工作；第三期从1951年2月上旬开 始，至5月下旬结束，涉及边沿地区的47个县；第四期从1952年6月中 旬开始，至12月（少数地区到1953年春）结束，主要在边远少数民族 地方的43个县、370余万人口的区域内开展。 纵览贵州省土地改革的过程,其取得的成绩是巨大的：土地改革 使地主阶级被消灭；农民分得了田地, 生产积极性大大提高；农村生 产力得到解放，农民生活状况得以改善。但由于受当时历史条件的局 限,土改也还存在着一些不足,比如由于各地解放时间有先后、干部能 力有差异、民族特点不同等情况，加上土地改革分期进行，便出现了 工作上的不平衡状态；在民族地区土改，有违反民族政策的现象，造 成了一些负面影响等。 关键词:建国初期 贵州 土地改革 I Abstract 1951 May to 1952 December, Guizhou, shortly after the liberation, had launched a land reformation, which has a wide range and deep level and involves a large population as well as obtains apparent effects. Guizhou is a province with many nationalities, including Miao, Buyi, Dong and Yi and so on besides Han. At that time, the minority population reached more than 4 million and the economy and culture of the minority areas was backward and people there lived a hard life. Launching the land reformation in these minority areas is difference from the Han areas, so the policy and the way have its own characteristics. The land reformation of Guizhou divides into four stages after finishing the pilot program. The first stage is from May to July in 1951 and the range covers 133 townships in these 49 counties (the population more than 1.33 million). The second stage is from early August to October, which finishes the land distribution in 56 counties and in the areas, where the population is 4.67 million. The third stage is from early February to late May and the range covers 47 counties in the edge areas. The forth stage is from the mid June to the December in 1952. The launching areas contain 43 counties of the remote areas of minority nationalities and a population of 3.7 million. Throughout the progress of th