基于SWMM的北京市暴雨洪水模拟分析-市政工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要摘 摘要 摘 要 随着城市化的发展，城市化面积和城区下垫面发生了很大的变化，降雨产汇 流规律也发生了较大的改变。在相同量级别降雨情况下，由于不透水面积的增加， 致使产流量增加，径流系数加大，洪峰流量明显增大。这不但给下游的防洪排涝 带来很大负担，宝贵的雨水资源也被排放出境，未得到充分的利用。 为了减轻城市暴雨洪水的灾害就必须深入的认识不同下垫面对雨水产流、汇 流的影响；为了能够收集利用宝贵的雨水资源，就必须对雨洪利用措施——下凹 式绿地、铺设透水砖、蓄水池等进行相关的研究。因此本文选择美国环保局开发 的SWMM(StormWaterManagementModel)模型，对城市雨洪进行了模拟分析。 首先，分别运用传统的推理公式法和SWMM模型计算不同降雨频率条件下 的洪峰流量，并进行对比分析，结果表明SWMM模型能够满足工程的需要，验 证了SWMM模型的准确性和可行性。 其次，基于SWMM主要从“不同降雨频率条件下”，“不同不透水面积比例条 件下”进行雨洪模拟，计算分析地面产流、汇流以及排水管道主要断面洪峰流量 的变化情况。结果表明，随着不透水面积比例的增大和降雨强度的增大，雨水的 入渗量减少，产流量增大，城市洪峰流量明显增大，径流系数增大。 最后，研究了铺设透水砖和下凹式绿地两种雨洪措施对城市雨洪的影响。结 果表明铺设透水砖在降雨强度较大的地区雨洪利用效果明显，下凹式绿地在降雨 强度较低的地区雨洪利用效果明显，在降雨强度变化剧烈的地区可考虑两种雨洪 措施联合的方式，并根据当地的实际降雨情况、城市排水管网运行能力以及防洪 排涝标准进一步确定铺设透水砖和下凹式绿地的面积比例。 关键词： SWMM；透水砖；下凹式绿地；推理公式法；雨洪资源 ABSTRACTABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT With the development of urbanization，the area and surface of urban change a lot， the rainfall production and affiux rules also have a big change．Under the same condition of rainfall，the rainfall production and runoff coefficient and peak flow all become biger according to the result of impervious area becoming larger and larger． Not only this brings a big burden for flood prevention at downstream，but also discharges rain resources，rainwater resources does not be fully utilized． In order to reduce the urban storm flood disaster,it needs a thorough understanding on rainfall production and affiux under different conditions；In order to collect and use valuable water resources，it needs a research on rainwater utilization measures such as permeable brick、sunken lawn and reservoir．So this paper studies on an area of Beijing by SWMM，which is developed by U．S．Environmental Protection Agency． First，uses both reasoning formula and SWMM to calculate the peak flow of different frequencies，then it shows that SWMM model simulations Call meet the needs of projects and verifies the accuracy and feasibility of SWMM by doing a comparative analysis． Second，simulates storm flood under different conditions by SWMM，including differe