山东大型胡人石雕像与欧亚文化交流-中国考古.PDFVIP

The Large Stone Statues of Hu People in Shandong Povince and Europe-Asia Cultural Exchanges 山东大型胡人石雕像与欧亚文化交流 徐龙国 Xu Longguo 中国社会科学院考古研究所 北京 100710 内容提要： 汉武帝开通丝绸之路之前，还存在一条欧亚交流的草原之路。在草原之路上，游牧民族作为流动的载体， 成为传播东西方文化的桥梁，石刻艺术的出现即是这种交流的产物。本文考察了山东6 尊大型胡人雕像出 现的历史背景，阐述了石刻艺术的源流，以及欧亚文化交流对秦汉及其之前石刻艺术的影响。秦汉时期， 在宫殿前面树立铜人成为通行的做法，墓前立石人是对宫殿立铜人的摹写。张骞凿通西域以后，新一波外 来文化因素进入中原，促成了墓上石雕的出现。墓上石雕最早见于霍去病墓，如果说马踏匈奴雕像是战争 的写照，那么山东胡人石雕像则是和平时期民族融合的反映。这些大型胡人雕像，可能是墓主生前的文臣、 武将，在一定程度上再现了胡人在汉朝为官的史实。山东地区发现的胡人雕像以及数量众多的墓上石刻， 是其善于接纳外来文化因素，铁器制造业发达的见证。 Abstract: There was once a route on the prairie connecting Europe and Asia before Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han Dynasty opened the Silk Road. As a mobile carrier, the nomadic peoples on the prairie route had been a bridge connecting and spreading East and West cultures. The carved statues, as an art, were the product of this kind of exchanges. This paper examined the historical background of the six large statues of people from Middle and West Asia nationalities (Hu People), elaborated on the origin of carved-stone art and the impact of Europe-Asia cultural exchanges on the carved-stone art in the Qin and Han dynasties and earlier times.During the Qin and Han Dynasty, it was a common practice to erect a bronze statue of a person in front of a palace. Erecting a stone statue of a person in front of a tomb was mimicking the bronze statue. After 1 Zhang Qian connected China and the small countries in Middle and West Asia, a new wave of cultures entered China and then stone sculptures on the tomb emerged. The earliest stone sculptures was found on the tomb of Huo Qubing. It was a sculpture of a horse trampling on a Hun person. If this sculpture was a portraiture of warfare, then the carved-stone statues of persons from Middle and West Asia nationalities dug up in Shandong province was a reflection of nationalities integration during peacetime. The