消防专业论文-大空间建筑火灾灭火救援对策研究.docxVIP

PAGE IV 摘 要 近年来，随着经济建设和城市化的发展，各种大空间建筑也越来越多，如剧场、会堂、体育馆、展览馆、候车（机、船）厅、大型车间、大型仓库、高层建筑的中庭等等。由于此类建筑规模大、火灾荷载大、火灾危险性大、加之人员流动性大，疏散困难等原因，使得一旦发生火灾，经济损失大、人员伤亡大、扑救难度大，会造成严重的财产损失和人员伤亡，给灭火救援带来许多新的难题。 现实中一些投入使用的大空间建筑也存在着严重的消防安全问题。本文通过对数座大空间建筑的实地调查和大量资料的查阅、分析，总结了大空间建筑的结构特点、火灾特点、火灾危险性；结合近几年大空间建筑火灾救援的经验，从安全疏散、防排烟、火灾扑救、灭火救援保障等方面，分析了大空间建筑火灾灭火救援难点；有针对性地提出了安全疏散、防排烟、火灾扑救、灭火救援保障的解决对策。通过对大空间建筑火灾特点和救援难点的研究，总结出适合扑救大空间建筑火灾的对策，以期为消防部队扑救此类建筑火灾提供借鉴。 关键词： 大空间建筑；灭火救援；难点；对策 Abstract The economic construction and urbanization are fully developed in recent years. Accordingly, various big space Buildings appear, such as theatres, assembly halls, gymnasiums, exhibition centers, waiting halls, large workshops, huge warehouses and atriums of high-rise buildings, etc. These buildings are always constructed in large scales with significant fire disaster loads, danger of fire, large amount of visitors and difficulties in evacuation. In case of fire, there will be enormous economic losses and injuries and deaths of people, adding many new difficulties to the fire fighting process. Some applied big space buildings in reality have the similarly severe fire protection problems. On the basis of the field investigations, references and analyses of large amount of materials, this article concludes the structural characteristics of the spacious architectures, features of fires and the dangers of fire disasters. In combination of the experiences of firefighting and salvage for the large-space buildings in recent years, this article analyzes the difficulties in of fire fighting for the big space building from various aspects such as safe evacuation, smock controlling, fire fighting methods and guarantees of fire extinguishment salvage, etc. and finally initiates specific solutions in each aspect. Depending on the studies of the fire characteristics and difficulties of fire fighting for large-space building, this article concludes the countermeasures to combat fires in large-space building with the view to pr