模式 外文文献翻译PPT课件.ppt

PPP application in infrastructure development in China: Institutional analysis and implications;;1.introduction; Over the past two decades, the Chinese government has been embarking on an ambitious programme of large investments on infrastructure development. To facilitate urbanization in China, the funds required for urban infrastructure development during the first 20 years of the twenty-first century are expected to be around 3500–5000 billion RMB (Wu, 2007). Funds from government alone are unlikely to be available to finance such large investments and so, reforms need to be undertaken by the Chinese government regarding the investment and financing of infrastructure projects. PPP was thus introduced in China to alleviate this problem (Chan et al.,2009; Feng and Luo, 1999; Ge and Zhang, 2009; He, 2001;Wang, 2006). ;In fact, PPP, in its modern form, was applied in China in the late 1980s, first in industrial development projects,and later other sectors, particularly infrastructure. According toth e World Bank (2013), 1 the total number of infrastructure projects with private participation from 1990 to 2012 reached 1064 in China, ranking first worldwide, with a total investment commitment being 119,330 million US dollars, ranking fourth worldwide, after Brazil, India and Russian Federation. ; This paper, with a view to contributing new knowledge on PPP administration, conducts an in-depth analysis from an institutional perspective. It is structured as follows: Section 1 is introduction. Section 2 presents a theoretical framework for guiding the analysis by taking the perspective of the new institutional economics. Section 3 provides an in- depth analysis of the evolution and changes in the institutional arrangements by investigating the development trajectory of PPP in infrastructure in China. Section 4 concludes with the findings identified from the analysis and presents topics for further studies with regard to governance issues of PPP.;2 理论框架 2.1 PPP模式的定义