The Citric Acid Cycle Dr rer nat Rubin Gulaboski柠檬酸循粗面内质网gulaboski NAT鲁宾博士.pptVIP

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The Citric Acid Cycle Dr rer nat Rubin Gulaboski柠檬酸循粗面内质网gulaboski NAT鲁宾博士.ppt

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The Citric Acid Cycle Dr rer nat Rubin Gulaboski柠檬酸循粗面内质网gulaboski NAT鲁宾博士

The Citric Acid Cycle Joe Maleszewski March 25, 2003 Lecture Outline What is metabolism? Review of Glycolysis Assault on Pyruvate Overview of Kreb’s Cycle (TCA) Reactions of Kreb’s Cycle Regulation of Kreb’s Cycle Where are we going next? Metabolism Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions within a cell (or whole organism), including energy-releasing breakdown of molecules and the synthesis of complex molecules It is extraordinarily COMPLEX Metabolism The reactions of metabolism are MANY In this class we will discuss some of the major reactions: Glyco - Lysis (glycolysis) The Citric Acid Cycle The Electron Transport Chain It is important to become familiar with some of the key players in these reactions ATP NAD/NADH The various other intermediate compounds (many are sugars) Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Used primarily as the “chemical-storage” form of energy within the cell. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) Used primarily in the cell as an electron carrier to mediate numerous reactions Reduction Oxidation Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) Used primarily in the cell as an electron carrier to mediate numerous reactions Reduction Oxidation Review of Glycolysis What’s the point of glycolysis? Traps glucose within the cell Produces energy in the form of NADH and ATP with minimal energy input Produces products that are used in other metabolic pathways within the cell Many more reasons Review of Glycolysis What have we put in to this? ATP X 2 NAD X 2 What are we getting out of it? ATP X 4 ADP X 4 NADH X 2 ADP X 2 Review of Glycolysis The Fate of Pyruvate In the ABSENCE of oxygen - pyruvate gets fermented to oxidize NADH to NAD so that glycolysis (ATP production can continue. The Fate of Pyruvate In the PRESENCE of oxygen - Pyruvate gets turned into Acetyl CoA and then added to other molecules in order to liberate CO2 (the Calvin Cycle - backwards). The Assault on Pyruvate Pyruvate moves easily passed the porous outer mitochondrial membrane and i