The Changing Arctic Climate as Observed from Space在北极地区气候变化从空观察.pptVIP

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The Changing Arctic Climate as Observed from Space在北极地区气候变化从空观察.ppt

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The Changing Arctic Climate as Observed from Space在北极地区气候变化从空观察

The Changing Arctic Climate as Observed from Space Josefino C. Comiso NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Jiso@ IPY Presentation for Informal Educators GSFC Web, 16 October 2008 Scientific Motivations The Earth is warming and impacts of anthropogenic activities is becoming more apparent Satellite data is needed to get a global perspective of the problem Early signals of a Climate change may come from the polar regions because of feedback effects. The Arctic is already showing such signals. Impacts on the quality of human lives, on the economy and the infracstructure are huge. It may not be too late. Mitigation strategies must be considered seriously. Anthropogenic CO2 Culprit? Anthropogenic influence as depicted by the CO2 Time Series Trends in the Arctic Surface Temperature (1981 to 2007) Seasonal Trends in the NH Surface Temperature Polar Amplification- Feedbacks Ice-Albedo Feedback –relevant to retreating perennial ice cover and also over land Cloud feedback – positive or negative, depending on the height of clouds Other feedbacks are mainly positive Yearly Arctic Ice Cover during Maximum Extents1979-2007 Yearly Arctic Ice Cover during Minimum Extents1979-2003 The Big Sea Ice Anomaly in 2007 Temporal Variations in the ice cover, wind and surface temperature (March to May) Total Ice Cover/Monthly Anomalies Update to 2008 Arctic Sea Ice TheWildCard?MultiYear Ice from 1981 to 1998 Winter and Summer MY/Perennial Ice Cover Enhanced water temperatures in 2007 IPY measurements Summer ice melt Monthly Snow Cover Extents and Anomalies from 1979 to 2003 Permafrost in Alaska Change in NDVI, Arctic Region1981 to 2006 Himalayan Glaciers Horn and Waxeggkees Glaciers in the Austrian Tyrol30 % of area and 50 % of volume was lost from1921 to 1994 Observed Decline in Glacier Volume Area of melt increased dramatically in Greenland during the last four years Estimates: Sea level equivalence Greenland ice sheet = 7 m East Antarctic ice sheet = 65 m West Antarctic ice