Atomic Structure California State University Northridge原子结构加利福尼亚州立大学北岭.pptVIP

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Atomic Structure California State University Northridge原子结构加利福尼亚州立大学北岭.ppt

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Atomic Structure California State University Northridge原子结构加利福尼亚州立大学北岭

Atomic Structure Brought to you by those crazy teachers in ... Science II The Basic Analogy Molecules Compounds So…What’s in an Atom? AnATOMy of An ATOM Some Typical Atoms Rules for Atoms The Net Charge for any atom should equal … 0 This means that there should be the same number of Protons and Electrons! The number of PROTONS defines the element (This is the Atomic Number) More About Atoms The MASS NUMBER of an atom is the sum of the number of PROTONS and the number of NEUTRONS. What happens if... An atom gains or loses electrons? you get an ION…a charged particle An atom gains or loses neutrons? you get an ISOTOPE…a heavier or lighter form of the same substance An atom gains or loses protons? you get a different element (happens in nuclear fission or fusion) Atomic Mass (not Mass Number) Definition: the weighted average of all of the isotopes of an element. What’s a weighted average? Take carbon for example. You’ll notice that the atomic mass is very close to 12. There are heavier forms of carbon, but they occur much less frequently than Carbon 12. If you take the average based on how frequently they occur, the relative amount of Carbon 12 brings the average close to 12. A Little History... Democritus Greek Thinker (I hope so!) Atoms are the basic unit which cannot be cut Dalton 1809 - Basic table and symbols Thompson 1890s - A positively charged GOO, with little negative charges floating around in it! More History (Yippeeee!) Rutherford’s Conclusion Atoms are made of mostly EMPTY SPACE! Actually, the ratio of the size of the nucleus to the diameter of the orbits of electrons can be compared with placing a marble in the middle of a football stadium! Constructing Atoms… An atom has an atomic number of “6”, and a mass number of “14”. Sketch the Atom Use the 2-8-8…rule for electron orbitals Identify the Element (Periodic Table) Is the atom the most common form for the element? An atom has an atomic number of “14”. Sketch its most common form! Patterns in t