英文文法基本概念英文八大词类.docVIP

英文文法的基本概念－英文的八大詞類 英文單字依其在句中的作用可分為八大詞類－名詞、代名詞、形容詞、 動詞、副詞、介系詞、連接詞、感嘆詞等。 一、名詞 Noun ( n )：表示人、地、事、物等名稱的字。 1. 名詞的種類及特點： 名 詞 的 種 類 特 點 可數名詞 Countable Nouns 1.普通名詞Common Noun 如boy, desk, country 2.集合名詞Collective Noun 如family, people, class 1.單數名詞： (只有一個) a/an + N the + N 2.複數名詞： (二個或以上) N + s / N + es 不可數名詞 Uncountable Nouns 3.專有名詞Proper Noun 如China, Taiwan, John 4.物質名詞Material Noun 如water, air, iron 5.抽象名詞Abstract Noun 如health, happiness, honesty 1.無複數 2.不加a/an等等 3.指特定事物， 則須the ＊冠詞： 不定冠詞 a + 單數(子音字首一…an + (單數母音字首一…定冠詞 e + 單數名詞 (這,那My brother is a student. She eats an apple every day. I bought a dozen eggs in the market. There are 5 families in this apartment. My family are all well. My family is a large one. Taiwan is an island. I need some water. The water in the bottle is clean. Health is more important than wealth. 2. 複數名詞的形成： 形 成 單 數 複數 例字 規則1. + s books, pens 2.字尾sx、 ch、sh、z + es buses, boxes, watches, brushes, sexes 例外stomachs 3.子音+ o+ es heroes, potatoes 例外pianos, photos 4.子音+ y去y + iesbaby→ babies, city→ cities 5.字尾f、fe去f、fe +es leaf→ leaves, life→ lives 例外roofs, chiefs, beliefs, handkerchiefs 規則man woman men women 例外Roman → Romans German → Germans foot tooth goose feet teeth geese 規則book → books cook → cooks pool → pools mouse mice ox child oxen children deer dish sheep Chinese deer fish sheep Chinese fishes多種魚 3. 名詞的用法： 用 法 例 句 1.當作主詞 John has a bicycle. 2.稱謂 Come here, John. 3.主詞同位語 Mr. Lin, our English teacher, is very kind. 4.當作受詞 a.動詞的受詞 b.介系詞的受詞 Mary likes John. She is fond of music. 5.受詞同位語 We like Mr. Chang, our new teacher. 6.當作補語 a.主詞補語 b.受詞補語 John is a good boy. We call the boy George. 4. 名詞的格： 種 類 用 法 例 句 主格 1.當作主詞 Mary is a girl