外文文献： 网络物理系统执行摘要Cyber-Physical Systems Executive Summary.pdfVIP

Cyber-Physical Systems Executive Summary Prepared by the CPS Steering Group March 6, 2008 Introduction The integration of physical systems and processes with networked computing has led to the emergence of a new generation of engineered systems: Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Such systems use computations and communication deeply embedded in and interacting with physical processes to add new capabilities to physical systems. These cyber-physical systems range from miniscule (pace makers) to large-scale (the national power-grid). Because computer-augmented devices are everywhere, they are a huge source of economic leverage. While most people think of “computers” as PCs and “computing” as browsing on the World Wide Web, most of the computers in the world are components of cyber-physical systems. The share of electronics in the cost of final products has been increasing 1 dramatically, according to a recent study conducted by the European Commission. This study argues that in automotive, avionics/aerospace, industrial automation, telecommunications, consumer electronics, intelligent homes, and health and medical equipment, electronics will reach 53% of the cost by the end of the decade. The depth of this change is well-reflected by the trends in automobiles: in 1990 the percentage of value in an automobile’s worth of electronics was 16%; in 2003, it reached 52% and by the end of this decade, it will grow to 56%. This shift of the center of gravity in networking and 2 information technology (NIT) has been recognized by an August 2007 report of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST), which calls for the restructuring the national priorities in NIT research and development and placing CPS on the top of the list.