古斯塔夫.马勒音乐新世纪之声.docVIP

古斯塔夫.马勒音乐的新世纪之声 　　奥地利音乐家古斯塔夫?马勒(1860-1911)被视为新音乐的开路先锋。有人评价说,马勒的音乐是一面镜子,折射出上一个世纪之交,那个为新世纪来临的喜悦和对未来的恐惧所撕裂的时代。然而,这样一位音乐天才在其生活的年代更多被视为指挥家而不是作曲家。马勒去世50年后,他的大部分作品都不再为人所注意,只受到一小群人的推崇,直到一些著名指挥家的大力提倡,马勒的作品才重新受到关注。 　　2010年是马勒诞辰150周年,2011年是马勒逝世100周年,因此2010年-2011年被定为奥地利的马勒年。在这个纪念日里,就让文字带领我们寻找马勒的生命轨迹。 　　 　　Gustav Mahler was born in Kali#353;tě, Bohemia (in the southwestern corner of what is now the Czech 　　Republic), in 1860. He was the second child, and the first of fourteen to survive. After his birth, his family moved to the nearby town of Jihlava, where his father ran a tavern[酒馆] and distillery[酿酒厂]. He began learning the piano at age six, and gave his first public recital[独奏会] in 1870. He studied briefly in Prague, before entering the Vienna Conservatory[音乐学校] in 1875. 　　 　　The Vienna Conservatory 　　While at the Conservatory, he studied piano under Julius Epstein, harmony[和声] under Robert Fuchs, and composition with Franz Krenn. He became one of the earliest supporters of Anton Bruckner注1, declaring his music the most original to have appeared in many years. During his stay at the Conservatory, Mahler composed and played in performances of his piano quintet[五重奏] and violin sonata[奏鸣曲]. 　　 　　Early Conducting Success 　　After leaving the Conservatory, Mahler began his career as a conductor in 1880 in a series of provincial opera houses[歌剧院]: Ljubljana, Olomouc, Kassel, Prague, Leipzig, Budapest, and Hamburg. 　　During his post at Kassel in 1883-5 he had an unhappy love affair recorded in his song cycle[联篇歌曲] Songs of a Wayfarer[旅行者]. He moved to Prague in 1885, and in the next year to Leipzig. During his period at Leipzig, he accepted an invitation from Weber注2’s descendents[后裔] to reconstruct Weber’s unfinished opera The Three Pintos[杂色马]. The opera was a big success when it was first performed in 1888. 　　 　　Triumphs and Downfall 　　After his conversion[改变信仰] to Roman Catholicism[天主教], he became conductor of the Vienna Court Opera (known today as the Vienna Sta