微观经济学第17、18章 节 要素市场 收入分配不平等.pptVIP

* 11 11 Again, these exercises should not be difficult, but students learn more if they do the exercises themselves. The exercise in Part C segues nicely into the case study on productivity and wages that follows. This scenario, in fact, will occur over the coming 10-15 years. * * * * * 53 54 54 68 * * 衡量经济不平等：洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数 M H 0 L * 衡量收入和财产状况的方法 * 洛伦茨曲线　　　 基尼系数 0 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 Y(%) I(%) A B 　基尼系数 ＝ A A+B 洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数 洛伦兹曲线与基尼系数反映了收入分配的不平等程度。 洛伦兹曲线弯曲程度越大，收入分配程度越不平等。 基尼系数越大，收入分配越不平等。 经济不平等的起源 人力资本的差异 歧视 不平等的财富/资源 其他因素相同，一个人的人力资本水平越高，工资收入将会越高： 这可以从劳动市场的供给和需求来解释…… 经济不平等的起源：人力资本 图e 18.7(a)： 高技能vs低技能劳动力的需求. 高技能劳动力的生产率更高，较高的MRP意味着较高的劳动需求。 The Sources of Economic Inequality 图18.7(b)高技能vs低技能劳动力的供给. 获得技能需要花费成本：各种费用和时间 高技能带来的工资增长必须足以弥补获得技能的成本，一个低技能者才愿意转为高技能者。 经济不平等的起源：人力资本 图 18.7(c) 显示了两者均衡工资的差异. 高需求和低供给使高人力资本劳动力的均衡工资水平更高. THE END * Notes and teaching tips: 11, 20, 34, 52, 82, and 93. To view a full-screen figure during a class, click the red “expand” button. To return to the previous slide, click the red “shrink” button. To advance to the next slide, click anywhere on the full screen figure. * * * * * * * The hunter becomes the hunted. Point out that in the labor market the tables have been turned compared to the goods and services market. The household that is on the demand side of the markets for consumer of goods and services is now on the supply side of the market. Perfect competition and price taking. Just as the perfectly competitive firm in the market for a good or service is a price taker in that market, so the individual household in a perfectly competitive factor market is a price taker. Also, the firm that buys the services of the factor of production is a price taker in a perfectly competitive factor market. Even in the market for land, which is in perfectly inelastic supply, the individual landowner faces a perfectly elastic demand for his or her land. * 18 * * * * 27 * Profit-maximizing output implies profit-maxim