组织工程 英语课件 Tissue Engineering Overview.pptVIP

Tissue Engineering Overview Definitions Rapidly evolving discipline that seeks to repair, replace or regenerate specific tissues or organs Physics, chemistry, biology translated to materials, devices, systems and strategies (Griffith) Cell biology, materials science, reactor engineering, clinical research (Langer) Subset of regeneration medicine includes principles of cell transplantation, materials science and engineering To engineer living tissues, cultured cells are coaxed to grow on bioactive (degradable) scaffolds that provide the physical and chemical cues to guide their differentiation and assembly into 3D tissues Coaxing cells to form tissues reliably is an engineering design problem that must be accomplished under classical engineering constraints – reliability, cost, government regulations and social acceptance Less than 5 engineered tissues approved by FDA More than 70 companies are spending more than $600 million per year to develop new products Faced with challenges including Adequate source of healthy, expandable cells Preservation of product to maintain shelf life Prevention of tissue rejection Basic Premise Combine appropriate cells with material under conditions that lead to tissue formation. Acellular matrices Matrices alone are used Depend on body’s ability to regenerate for proper orientation and direction Matrices with cells Tissue Engineering Strategies Transplantation of whole organs or tissues Transplantation of thin sections of tissues Transplantation of cell suspensions Endoprosthetic replacement of tissues Materials Cells Growth factors and stimulatory factors Materials - Scaffolds Three dimensional space Replicate the biological and mechanical function of the ECM Space holders to prevent encroachment of the surrounding tissue into the graft site Surfaces to facilitate attachment, survival, migration, proliferation and differentiation of cells Provide a void volume for vascularization, new tissue formation and remodeling Vehicle for delive