英语修辞与写作1.ppt

英语修辞与写作English Rhetoric Writing 英语学习回顾 1. 中学英语重心：语法 2. 大学基础英语：词汇和听说 3. 大学基础英语后：美文、文采 21世纪大学英语美文举例： 1. Stevie Wonder has faith and fame, wealth and love. He has not only conquered his own darkness, but through his social activities he has been able to bring sunshine to the shadows of many other lives. ( text A, unit 3, book1 ) 2. But when the mission failed, with great loss of life, Churchill paid the price, both publicly and privately: He was removed from the Admiralty and lost his position of political influence. 3. She plunged into the paints and before I knew it, she had swept several fierce strokes and slashes of blue on the absolutely terrified canvas. (text A, unit 1, book 2 ) 4. Kim-Chi is part of a wave of bright, highly-motivated Asian-Americans who are suddenly surging into our best colleges. … they constitute 17.1 percent of the undergraduates at Harvard, 18 percent at the Massachusetts institute of Technology, and 27.7 percent at the University of California at Berkeley. (Unit 2, Book 2) 5. We shall fight on the beaches; we shall fight on the landing ground; we shall fight in the fields, in the streets; we shall fight in the hills; we shall not flag or fail; we shall go on to the end; we shall never surrender. (textA, unit 1, book4) 第一讲 英语修辞学概况 1. 修辞学的概念 A. Rhetoric --- the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the exploitation of figure(文采) of speech and other compositional techniques. 广义的修辞包含了写作和修辞格，狭义的修辞仅指修辞格。 B. Figure of speech --- a word or phrase used in a non-literal sense to add rhetorical force or interest to a spoken or written passage. 2. 修辞学的起源和发展 修辞学起源于公元前4世纪，即希腊亚里斯多德时代。在当时仅指口头表达技巧。古希腊人非常重视演讲术。公元前一世纪罗马演说家西塞罗（Cicero）进一步发展了亚里斯多德的理论，他的散文把优美与雄辩、精确与明细结合起来。 到了近现代，随着欧美国家议会政治的兴起，政治演讲和演说变得日益重要，修辞和修辞学受到了人们高度重视。 英语发展的历史中，有无数激动人心、慷慨激昂、令人难忘的演说： 1）林肯的《葛底斯堡演说》 2）丘吉尔二战是的演说 3）马丁·路德·金的《我有一个梦想》 4）20世纪60年代肯尼迪总统就职演说 …… 3. 修辞学基本内容 讲究语言的效果，是修辞努力的事情。修辞，就是调到各种语言材料、各种表现方法，来表达作者所要表现的内容，以求