The Control Processes of Short-term Memory (短时记忆控制过程).pdfVIP

THE CONTROL PROCESSES OF SHORT-TERM MEMORY by R. C. Atkinson and R. M. Shiffrin TECHNICAL REPORT 173 April 19, 1971 PSYCHOLOGY SERIES Reproduction in Whole or in Part is Permitted for any Purpose of the United States Government This research has been supported by the National Science Foundation under grant NSFGJ-443X. INSTITUTE FOR MATHEMATICAL STUDIES IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES STANFORD UNIVERSITY STANFORD, CALIFORNIA rHE CONrROL PROCESSES OF SHORT-TERM MEMORY R. C. Atkinson and R. M. Shiffrin Stahford University Stanford, California 94305 Human memory is divided into a short-term working memory and a long-term permanent memory. Control pro- cesses act within the short-term working memory to make decisions and regulate information flow, thereby con- trolling learning and forgetting. The system by which information is stored in and retrieved from memory has always been a topic of great interest to psychologists. The English associationists and early experimental psychologists like Wilhelm Wundt, William James, and Ernst Meumann relied upon introspective tech- niques to generate their theories. Their introspections led them before the turn of the century to divide memory into short-term and long-term components. They discerned a clear difference between thoughts currently present in consciousness and those that could be brought to consciou