连续筛板精馏塔.docVIP

摘 要 在化学工业中，物质的分离是不可或缺的重要一环，而精馏则是应用十分广泛的一种物质分离提纯方法，在工业特别是石油炼化工业中有举足轻重的地位。鉴于石油炼化工业乃在国民经济生产中的命脉，研究和发展精馏工艺成了重要课题。 精馏塔是一种大型的化工设备，分为板式塔和填料塔两大类；精馏塔的设计颇为复杂，分工艺设计和机械设计两大部分，工艺设计部分着眼在根据设计条件，结合物料的流体力学性质设计出相关整个分离流程，机械设计部分则重在结合材料的力学性质解决精馏塔的物质实体实现问题；进而，能够满足各种校核条件的才是真正可用的设计。 其中，筛板塔的使用非常广泛，它的优点包括：结构简单处理能力大压降较低塔板效率高Abstract In chemical industry, substance separation is a very important portion, and rectification,which is widely used in chemical industry especially in oil refinement, is one of the methods which can achieve this separation.Considering of the important role which refinement industry plays in national economic development,it is magnatude to study refinement technics. The fractionating column is one of the biggest chemical equipments, having two kinds called the plank column and the filling column.The design of fractionating column is a very complicated and hard job, which contains the design of craftwork and the design of mechanism.In craftwork design ,it need to carry out the whole separation process according to the hydrodynamic character and given conditions for the design. In mechanism design ,the point is to show how to make the column according to the results of the craftwork design，then, a good design must be the one which can meet all kinds of requirement ,technical and mechanical. Among them, the tower plate is widely used, its advantages include: simple structure, large capacity, low pressure drop and high efficiency tray, so we must master how to operate the design of sieve-plate column. Key words: rectification ，fractionating column，craftwork design，Mechanical design, flexibility，tower plate 1 概述 精馏操作对塔设备的要求和类型　对塔设备的要求精馏所进行的是气(汽)、液两相之间的传质，而作为气(汽)、液两相传质所用的塔设备，首先必须要能使气(汽)、液两相得到充分的接触，以达到较高的传质效率。但是，为了满足工业生产和需要，塔设备还得具备下列各种基本要求：? ? 气(汽)、液处理量大，即生产能力大时，仍不致发生大量的雾沫夹带、拦液或液泛等破坏操作的现象。? ? 操作稳定，弹性大，即当塔设备的气(汽)、液负荷有较大范围的变动时，仍能在较高的传质效率下进行稳定的操作并应保证长期连续操作所必须具有的可靠性。? ? 流体流动的阻力小，即流体流经塔设备的压力降小，这将大大节省动力消耗，从而降低操作费用。对于减压精馏操作，过大的压力降还将使整个系统无法维持必要的真空度，最终破坏物系的操作。? ? 结构简单