英语论文写作——如何引用.pptVIP

Direct quotation Paraphrasing Summarizing Direct Quotation: A direct quotation is exactly the same as the original and must be put in quotation marks. Everything within the quotation marks, that is to say, not only the words but also the spelling, capitalization and interior punctuation, should be exactly the same as the original. When to use direct quotations When the original wording expresses the idea so precisely and succinctly that we cannot improve on it; When the direct quotation comes from an authority in a particular field and therefore strengthens our point of view; When we need to borrow a special term or expression that is a particular writer’s invention and carries special meaning; When we need the original wording for the purpose of further discussion. How to use direct quotation 1. When we do quote, we should make every effort to work the direct quotation into our own statement so that it may become part of an organic whole. 2. Use a colon if our direct quotation is introduced by a complete sentence: Sample 1 Sinclair Lewis, the first American Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1930, believed that Dreiser better deserved the prize: “ Dreiser…more than any other man, marching alone, usually unappreciated, often hated, has cleared the trail from Victorian and Howellsian timidity and gentility in the American fiction to honesty, boldness and passion of life.” 3. Treat the direct quotation as part of the sentence and punctuate accordingly if it is not introduced by a complete sentence: Sample 2 To Sinclair Lewis, “Dreiser…more than any other man, marching alone, usually unappreciated, often hated, has cleared the trail from Victorian and Howellsian timidity and gentility in the American fiction to honesty, boldness and passion of life.” 1. Keep the quotation as brief as possible; 2. Be accurate. What appears between quotation marks should be exactly the same as the original. No word, punctuation, or even spelling should be charge