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医学心理学练习题英文版
Psychology Introduction 1. Psychology: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. 2.The fields of psychology • Developmental psychology • Physiological psychology • Experimental psychology • Personality psychology • Clinical and counseling psychology • Social psychology • Industrial and organizational psychology 3. Most psychologists agree that psychology was born in 1879, the year that Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychological laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany. 4. Research methods in psychology • Naturalistic observation • Case studies • Surveys • Correlational research • Experimental research • The importance of sampling The biological basis of behavior 1. Neurons: individual cells that are the smallest unit of the nervous system. 2. Dendrites: short fibers that branch out from the cell body and pick up incoming messages. 3.Axon: single long fiber extending from the cell body; it carries outgoing messages. 4. Nerve: group of axon bundled together. 5. Sensory neurons: neurons that carry messages from sense organs to the spinal cord or brain. 6. Motor neurons: neurons that carry messages from the spinal or brain to the muscles and glands. 7. Interneurons: neurons that carry messages from one neuron to another. 8. Synapse: area composed of the axon terminal of one neuron, the synaptic space, and the dendrite or cell body of the next neuron. 9. Neurotransmitters: chemicals released by the synaptic vesicles that travel across the synaptic space and affect adjacent neurons. 10. CNS: division of thenervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord. 11. Frontal lobe: part of cerebral cortex that is responsible for voluntary movement; it is also important for attention, goaldirected behavior, and appropriate emotional experiences. 12.
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