Coal-and-coal-formation河南城建学院煤化学课件1.pptVIP

Coal Formation（煤的形成 ） Introduction Coal is a kind of sedimentary organic rock originating from ancient plant remains undergone complicatedly biochemical and physicochemical changes under certain climatic, biological, environmental and geological conditions. Contents Coal-forming process peatification coalification 2. The rank, type and grade of coal key terms and expressions Coal formation　成煤作用 Coal forming process 成煤作用 Peatification　泥炭化作用 Saprofication 腐泥化作用 Coalification　煤化作用 metamorphism 变质作用 Peat　泥炭 Lignite，brown coal　褐煤 subbituminous coal 次烟煤 bituminous coal　烟煤 Anthracite　无烟煤 Hard?coal　硬煤 Soft coal 软煤 stone-like?coal　石煤?? Diagenetic　成岩的 Geophysical 　地球物理的 Geochemical 　地球化学的 tectonic 地质的，构造的 coal seam/strata　煤层 Coalbed gas　煤层气 depositional environment　 沉积环境 temperature, time, and forces grade of coal　煤级 type of coal　煤的类型 rank of coal　煤阶 1. Coal forming process The complicated and far-lasting way had been undergone over millions and millions of years from ancient plant remains, which is called coal-forming process today. The process is also called coal-formation and is often expressed as followed: The geochemical stage of the coalification is the application of temperature and pressure over millions of years and is the most important factor of the coalification. While there is some disagreement as to which has been more important in promoting the chemical and physical changes—high pressures exerted by massive overburdening strata or time temperature factors—the changes are characterized physically by decreasing porosity and increasing gelification and vitrification. Chemically, there is a decrease in moisture and volatile matter (i.e., methane, carbon dioxide) content, as well as an increase in the percentage of carbon, a gradual decrease in the percentage of oxygen, and, ultimately, as the anthracitic stage is approached, a marked decrease in the content of hydrogen. 2.The Rank,type and grade of Coal 2.1 The Rank o