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“吃”的内涵 长江大学外国语学院 英语2047 刘承芹 [摘要]：不同的环境孕育着不同的文化，而文化的结晶就主要体现在语言文字上。本文通过对吃的含义（包括基本含义和引申含义）的解析及用法的对比，分析出了：分别以英，汉为母语的两种文化的共同点，不同点。 [关键词]：吃，内涵，eat，基本含义，引申含义，用法 [Abstract]: Different environment nurtured different culture, and the crystallization of culture is mainly incarnated on the language. In this article, by analyzing the meaning of “eat” (including basic meaning and extended meaning) we get common and difference of the two kinds of culture based on English and Chinese. [Key words]: eat, content, eat, the basic meaning, extended meaning, usage 一提起吃字我就想起“民以食为天”这句古语，这句话从本质上说明了吃对人类生存的重要性，古往今来，人们为了生存，为了“吃”饱，无时无刻都在和自然界搏斗着，在搏斗过程，人们利用无穷的智慧，逐寸逐寸的攻城掠地，以便为了获得更多的生存空间，更多的食物。在搏斗的同时，由于生存环境的不同，也就形成了各自不同的语言，生活方式，知识体系等。本文就分别以汉，英为母语的两种不同语言体系中的“吃”及“eat ”进行了比较。 1 “吃”与“eat”的含义 1.1基本含义 翻阅《现代汉语词典》有关“吃”的解释有八条，但其中基本含义只有一，二两条，分别为1.咀嚼进食（吃饭、吃奶、吃药）2.以某种方式吃（吃食堂，吃大碗） Websites Third New International Dictionary (1971年版)给eat 下的定义“eat it : to take in through the mouth as food : ingest 、chew and swallow food” for example eat meal / sandwiches /diner /soup ,etc 从两者的基本含义上看并无多大区别，并且表现两者基本含义的例句也有很多，如下（1）本来已经好了的，吃了碗冷饭复发了。[1](祝福--P34) He’d taken a turn for the better, but then he ate some cold rice and got worse again （2）他便要请我吃点心，荞麦粉，并且告诉我所加的是白糖，你想家里能有白糖的船户，可见绝不是一个穷船户，所以他也吃的很阔绰。[1] (在酒楼上--P76) By way of refreshment he offered me some buckwheat mush remarking that they added white sugar to it. As you can see a boatman who could afford white sugar was obviously not a poor and must eat pretty well （3）总而言之，无论哪里人吃一碗蛇和猫，或者青蛙和鳝鱼于幸福的家庭是绝不会有损伤的。[1] (幸福家庭--P100) After all, people from any part of the country can eat a dish of snake and cat (or frog and eel) without injuring their Happy Family （4）过一会看看在吃吧，他今天已经吃了两种药。[3] (P268--P271) Put it aside for the time being .he has ready had two does today （5）休这般说,且请他吃酒。[5]（第二回--P48） No need to talk like that, let us drink （6）然而，柳妈是善女人，吃素不杀生的，只肯洗器皿。[1]（祝福P94） But being a devout vegetarian who would not kill living creatures, she would only wash the sacrificial vesse