2016年大学英语四级考试语法知识详解3.docVIP

2016年大学英语四级考试语法知识详解(3) 　　在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略. 　　He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary. 　　We should think more of the collective than of ourselves. 　　They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did). 　　He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before. 　　Their training is free, as is all education. 　　We will, as always, stand on your side. 　　错误的省略 　　His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know. 　　While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her. 　　一致 　　如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than等引导的短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式. 　　Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday. 　　An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work. 　　The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed in the team. Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等) 　　时态 　　1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. 　　I’ve been writing letters for an hour. 　　I’ve been sitting in the garden. 　　2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 　　I’d been working for some time when he called. 　　We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came. 　　3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. 　　By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. 　　In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years. 　　4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时已发生的事. 　　I shall have finished this one before lunch. 　　They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October. 　　语态 　　可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如: 　　He was said to be jealous of her success. 　　It was said that he was jealous of her success. 　　能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等. 　　It is supposed that the ship has been sunk. 　　The ship is supposed to have been sunk. 　　担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如: 　　Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to