introduction to urban simulation design and - synthicity介绍了城市仿真设计和synthicity.pdfVIP

Introduction to Urban Simulation 1 INTRODUCTION TO URBAN SIMULATION: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF OPERATIONAL MODELS Paul Waddell Gudmundur Freyr Ulfarsson University of Washington Box 353055 Seattle, WA 98195 pwaddell@ gfu@ ABSTRACT This chapter provides an introduction to urban simulation, which we interpret broadly to mean operational models that attempt to represent dynamic processes and interactions of urban development and transportation. Its intent is to provide the reader with a reasonable understanding of the context and objectives for urban simulation modelling within metropolitan areas in the United States, the limitations and challenges of urban simulation models, the design choices involved in developing operational models, and how such models are applied. THE CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES FOR URBAN SIMULATION Urban systems are becoming ever larger and increasingly complex as urban economies, social and political structures and norms, and transportation and other infrastructure systems and technologies evolve. Scarce resources make efficiency critically important, and in a democratic context that involves many stakeholders with conflicting values and priorities, it is neither feasible nor appropriate to deal with major land use and transportation policies and investments as isolated choices to be decided by planners or bureaucrats within the bounds of a single organization. Mathematical and theoretical models