文化透视讲义(周朝).docVIP

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文化透视讲义(周朝)

1.The Zhou Period (11th Century-221B.C.) The dynasty that reigned for the longest period in Chinese History; A dynasty that enjoys at once the reputation of utmost honor and the notoriety of utmost chaos; A dynasty that gives birth to a complete philosophical system that is later considered the core of Chinese culture Sub periods of Zhou Dynasty: It is divided into two sub periods by King Ping抯 removal eastwardg(平王东迁)in 770 B.C. Western Zhou (11th ct.-770BC) Eastern Zhou (770-221BC) Eastern Zhou is further split into two subperiods: ---- Spring and Autumn Period (770-475BC) ---- Warring States Period (475-221BC) ①Western Zhou (11th ct.-770BC) The Rising of Zhou and the Mandate of Heaven Proto-Feudalism of Zhou’s government system: the Enfeoffment of Dukes (分封诸侯) Notice: 841 B.C. the first year of consecutive annual dating of the history of China ②What is the Mandate of Heaven? The right to rule is granted by Heaven. There’s only one Heaven. Therefore there should be only one ruler. The right to rule is based on the virtue of the ruler. The right to rule is not limited to one dynasty. ③What are the positive and negative sides of such a notion? It gives the ruler prestige and religious importance. It gives the ruler supreme power. It allows a new ruler to gain power quickly. It justifies rebellion as long as the rebellion is successful in the end. ④Enfeoffment The act of investing with any dignity or possession. This term was mostly used in feudal law. Under common law, the act or process of transferring possession and ownership of an estate in land is called enfeoffment. The property or estate so transferred can also be termed as enfeoffment. Transaction of a land held by a person under a fee simple from one party to another comes under enfeoffment. There should be a written evidence of that transaction. The Enfeoffment(分封制) in Western Zhou Chinese and Western historians call the type of government of the Zhou Dynasty a kind of proto-f

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