[初三英语]表格语法大全.docVIP

基本语法表格 人称代词和物主代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 (现在时, 动词+s/es) 复数 人称 代词 主格 I we you you she he it they these 宾格 me us you you her him it them those 物主代词(…的) 物主性 my our your your her his its their these 名词性 mine ours yours yours hers his its theirs those 反身代词 自己 myself ourselves yourself yourselves herself himself itself themselves themselves 动词有5种形式 原形 第三人称单数（+ s/es） 过去时（+ ed） 现在分词（+ ing） 过去分词（+ ed） play plays played be + playing have/has/had + played watch watches watched watching watched do does did doing done buy buys bought buying bought think thinks thought thinking thought teach teaches tought teaching tought 动词有4个种类 实义动词 like; read; watch; sit; buy肯定句直接用；变成否定句和疑问句，就必须用助动词do/does/did 来帮忙 “三类动词” 助动词 do/does/did 主要用来帮助实义动词变成否定句或疑问句 Be动词 be原形 – am/is/are现在时 – was/were过去时 – being进行时 –been完成时 情态动词 can–could能够； will–would打算、将要；shall–should打算、将要、应该； may–might可以、也许；must必须；need需要； have to 不得不； ought to应该 注意：助动词和情态动词后面的动词只能用原形。 句子从功能上有4种分类 种类 名称 用法 1．陈述句 （1）肯定句 I like English. （2）否定句 ①在“三类动词”后 + not I can’t speak English ②没“三类动词”，用do/does/did帮忙 I don’t like English 2．疑问句 （1）一般 疑问句 ①把“三类动词”放在句子的开头，末尾加问号“？” Can you speak English? ②没“三类动词”，用do/does/did帮忙 Do you like English? （2）特殊 疑问句 疑问词 + “三类动词”放在句子的开头，末尾加问号“？” What do you like? 疑问词：what; who; whose; where; when=what time; why; which; how; how old; how long; how soon; how far; how much; how many; how often （3）反义 疑问句 ①提问时：前后相反（前面肯定，后面否定；前面否定，后面肯定） I like English, don’t you? ②回答时：前后一致（用什么问，就用什么答） Yes, I do. No, I don’t. 3．祈使句 用动词原形放在句首，表示“建议、命令、要求”某人做某事 Do it by yourself. 4．感叹句 （1）How引导 ①How + 形容词 How beautiful! = How beautiful she is! ②How +形容词+ a/an + 可数名词 How beautiful a girl! 多美的女孩！ （2）What引导 ③What + a/an +形容词+ 可数名词