土力学专业英语词汇.docVIP

Retaining Wall A retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil. The active pressure increases on the retaining wall proportionally from zero at the upper grade level to a maximum value at the lowest depth of the wall. The total pressure or thrust may be assumed to be acting through the centroid of the triangular distribution pattern, one-third above the base of the wall. Stability of Retaining walls (a) sliding of the wall outwards from the retaining soil, (b) overturning of the retaining wall about its toe, (c) foundation bearing failure (d) larger scale slope or other failure in the surrounding soil. Retaining wall design has long been carried out with the aid of either the Rankine or Coulomb theories of earth pressure. Water load Wave loads Fluid pressure hydrostatic pressure (Hydrostatic Forces on Surfaces ) Ice Loads iceberg impacts (流冰冲击力) Wind Load Characteristic value of wind load (风荷载标准值)vertical to building surface Principal load-bearing structures Dynamic effect factor of wind (风振系数)at a height of Z; Shape factor of wind load Exposure factor for wind pressure Reference wind pressure Recurrence interval of wind pressure(重现期) Terrain roughness（地面粗糙程度） The population effects for the mutual interference of wind forces The mutual interference enlargement coefficient（群体风压体型系数） The shape factors for the local wind pressures (the fencing members and their connections)局部风压体型系数 Along wind direction wind excitation Magnification factor of wind fluctuation Wind fluctuation factor The vibration mode factor The width of windward side of structure Mass and rigidity basic wind speed Gust factor (阵风系数) Cross wind direction wind excitation Reynolds number Fundamental natural period of vibration for structure 重力荷载（Weight load） Within the framework of Civil Engineering, structural engineering is the discipline that creat