优秀备选课件Grammar幻灯片.pptVIP

Non-defining relative clauses Contraction of relative clauses GRAMMAR 1 Non-defining relative clauses a Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of “walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain”. b The Three Gorges Dam,which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Treat Wall and the Grand Canal, has been built to control flooding. 1 c Sun Yat-sen, who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first suggested the idea in 1919. d More than a million people who lived in the region have moved from their homes. Now answer these questions. 1 Which of the relative clauses (in italics)contain essential information about the subject and which contain extra information? 2 If you take away the relative clauses ,do the sentences still make sense?Why or why not? 3 Which sentences have commas, the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information? The ones with the extra information ( a,d ) ( b,c ) ( a and d don’t , b and c do .because the meaning stands without the extra clauses) When a relative clause merely describes an object without having the function of defining or identifying to which object the speaker or writer is referring, the clause must be placed between commas. Such a clause can be called a non-defining or non-limiting relative clause, i.e., a non-defining relative clause gives extra information about a noun or noun phrase and has commas at both ends. (非限定性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词做附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。非限定性定语从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。) Read these sentences. Add commas if necessary. 1 SunYat-sen, who became President of the Republic of China in 1912, died in 1925. 2 The building of the Grand Canal, which is the world’s longest canal, began in 486 BC. 3 The section of the canal, which was built in the seventh century, was mainly used for rice transportation. 2 Add information to sentence 1-3,using extra information A-C 1 The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world. 2 The