翻译212计量经济学方法.docVIP

2.12 Econometric Methods Econometric methods encompass a number of mathematical and statistical Techniques that are used to increase the rigor of estimation of economic Relationships. Econometric methods are often used to estimate program impacts. Definition: “Econometric methods” use a variety of statistical and mathematical tools and theoretical models to analyze and measure the strength of functional relationships that underpin a program and to analyze and measure a program’s effects on firms, industries, innovation, and the economy. Among the numerous models that have been developed, some have been refined for repeated application, such as the two given here as examples. Because of the rigor offered by econometric methods where there are good models and data, they are often favored when analysts are attempting to show cause-and-effect relationships—a challenging task in evaluation. How econometric studies are organized, conducted, and analyzed: Econometric studies usually start with a hypothesized relationship to be tested or a cause-and-effect question to be answered. Examples of evaluation questions that might be answered using econometric methods are the following: Did Program X increase the formation of collaborative research ventures? What was the effect of Federal RD on private-firm RD productivity? What are the forecasted national income effects of an RD program that increases energy efficiency in buildings by 10%? An econometric study proceeds with construction or adoption of a study 2.12计量经济学方法 计量经济学方法通过使用一系列数学和统计学技术来增强对经济关系评估的严谨性。计量经济学方法经常用于评价项目效果。 定义：“计量经济学方法”使用多种统计学和数学工具以及理论模型来分析和测量支撑项目发展函数关系的强弱以及一个项目对企业、产业、创新和经济的影响。在一已开发的众多模型中，有些已经被重新应用了，比如这里给出的两个例子。由于经济计量学方法的严谨性，当有良好的模型和数据的情况下，分析人员试图显示因果关系时，他们通常会青睐于使用计量经济学方法来进行这个具有挑战性的评估任务。 如何组织，实施和分析计量经济学研究： 计量经济学研究通常开始于假设关系，或者是要解答因果关系问题。 可以使用计量经济学方法回答的评估问题的例子如下： 项目X是否增加了合作研究企业的形成？联邦研发对私营企业研发生产力的影响是什么？一项提高建筑物能效的研发项目的预期国民收入效应是什么？计量经济学是一种研究构建或采用研究设计和理论模型以指导在验验验证验验证假设关系或者以定量精确的方式回答研究问题的方法。 design and theoreti