(精选)中国历史文化概况(英文版)Unit 13 Scientist and Great Thinker课件.pptVIP

Unit 13 Scientist and Great Thinker Text A Hua Tuo 导读：华佗：（145-208）东汉沛国谯（今亳州市）人，字元化，三国著名医学家。少时曾在外游学，钻研医术而不求仕途。精通内、妇、儿、针灸各科，外科尤为擅长，行医足迹遍及安徽、山东、河南、江苏等地。他曾用“麻沸散”使病人麻醉后施行剖腹手术，是世界医学史上应用全身麻醉进行手术治疗的最早记载。又仿虎、鹿、熊、猿、鸟等禽兽的动态创作名为“五禽之戏”的体操，教导人们强身健体。后因不服曹操征召被杀，所著医书已佚。今亳州市有“华佗庵”等遗迹。 Hua Tuo was a renowned Chinese physician during the Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period. The Records of Three Kingdoms and Book of Later Han（后汉书） record Hua as the first person in China to use anesthesia during surgery. He used a general anesthetic combining wine with a herbal concoction called mafeisan (麻沸散 lit. cannabis boil powder). Besides being respected for expertise in surgery and anesthesia, Hua Tuo was famous for his abilities in acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine, and medical Daoyin exercises. He developed the Wuqinxi (五禽戏Exercise of the Five Animals) from studying movements of the tiger, deer, bear, monkey, and crane. The oldest extant biographies of Hua Tuo are found in the official Chinese histories for the Eastern Han (25-220) and Three Kingdoms (189-280) eras. The 3rd-century Sanguozhi (三国志) and 5th-century Hou Hanshu (后汉书) record that Hua was from the district of Qiao (谯) in the state of Pei (沛), and studied Chinese classics throughout the Xuzhou region (modern Jiangsu and Shandong). Hua refused employment offers from high-ranking officials and chose to practice medicine. If a sickness were concentrated internally where the effect of acupuncture needles and medicines could not reach it, Hua Tuo would recognize that it was necessary to operate. In such cases, he would have his patients drink a solution of morphean powder whereupon they would immediately become intoxicated as though dead and completely insensate. Then he could make an incision and remove the diseased tissues. If the disease were in the intestines, he would sever them and wash them out, after which he would stitch the abdomen together and rub on an ointment. After a period of about four or five days, t