(精选)传染性疾病的抗菌治疗(英文课件)Plants and Fungi Used to Treat Infectious Disease教学课件.pptVIP

Plants and Fungi Used to Treat Infectious Disease Infectious Disease World wide, infectious disease is the number one cause of death accounting for approximately one-half of all deaths in tropical countries Infectious disease mortality rates are actually increasing in developed countries, such as US Death from infectious disease, ranked 5th in 1981, has become the 3rd leading cause of death in 1992 Infectious disease underlying cause of death in 8% of deaths occurring in US Terms Antimicrobial = a substance which destroys or inhibits the growth of microorganisms Antiseptic = a substance that checks the growth or action of microorganisms especially in or on living tissue Antibiotic = a substance produced by or derived from a microorganism and able to inhibit or kill another microorganism Antibiotics vs Antimicrobials Antibiotics are toxic to microorganisms Produced by fungi and/or bacteria In the natural environment, antibiotics give the producing organism advantages over competing microorganisms for available nutrients and space First antibiotic put into large-scale production was penicillin Antibiotics vs Antimicrobials Antimicrobials produced by a variety of organisms including many plants Plant-based antimicrobials provide protection for the plant against pathogenic bacteria or fungi Plant-based antimicrobials represent a vast untapped source for medicines Plants-based antimicrobials have enormous, but largely untapped, therapeutic potential for treating infectious disease Overview Antibiotics from fungi Antimalarials from plants Other antimicrobials from plants Penicillin By-product of certain Penicillium species Inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria Blocks wall synthesis in bacteria and results in death of the bacterial cell by lysis Surpassed known therapeutic agents by suppressing bacterial growth without being toxic Discovery of Penicillin Infusions of moldy bread, cheese, meat, and soybeans have long history as folk treatment for wounds 19