(精选)Zoonotic infections教学课件.pptVIP

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2018-03-21 发布于天津
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(精选)Zoonotic infections教学课件.ppt

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Surveillance, vaccination, eradication Anthrax Definition: Gram-positive spores of Bacillus anthracis transmitted from animals or the environment germinate and replicate in host tissues and cause fatal disseminated disease; not transmitted between humans Epidemiology: worldwide incidence unknown; 1-2 cases in the US/yr Transmission: contact with spores (cutaneous A.), ingestion (gastro-intestinal A.), injection by IVDAs (i.A.), inhalation (respiratory A.; wool sorter’s disease) Symptoms: eschar, lymphadenopathy (c.A.); fever, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (g.-i.A.); fever, chest pain, cough, respiratory distress (r.A.); eschar, local necrosis, meningitis (i.A.); anthrax is rapidly fatal Diagnosis: Culture B. anthracis from lesion (swab), blood, CSF, sputum; retrospective diagnosis (8-14 days) anti-PA antibody titer Treatment: 8 week course of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and others); spores do not germinate in the presence of antibiotics; anti-toxin (PA) Prevention: AVA vaccine (FDA approved); anti-PA injection, ciprofloxacin for 60 days. At risk: farmers, hunters, veterinarians, laboratory scientists B. anthracis life cycle B. anthracis spores contaminate soil, are taken up by herbivores and invade GI tract. Animals develop gastrointestinal anthrax and die. Sores contaminate the environment Spore vegetative forms Clinical appearance of anthrax CDC cutaneous anthrax respiratory anthrax cutaneous anthrax Anthrax in intravenous drug (heroin) users B. anthracis virulence plasmids, pXO1 pXO2attenuated strains and whole cell live-attenuated vaccines The Sterne vaccine strain 4F32 is used world-wide to prevent anthrax in domesticated farm animals; the Soviet Union and other countries used a Sterne type strain to prevent cutaneous anthrax in humans, vaccinating 30 million people Max Sterne: B. anthracis pXO1+, pXO2- Louis Pasteur: B. anthracis pXO1-, pXO2+ Zoonotic infections (bacterial) Definition: Infectious diseases of animals that are transmitted to humans