高中语法-虚拟语气.docVIP

虚拟语气 三个公式 条件从句的谓语动词(if) 主句的谓语动词 与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be动词常用were) should/would+动词原形 与过去事实相反 Had+动词过去分词 should/would have+动词过去分词 与将来事实相反 动词过去式 should+动词原形 were to+动词原形 should/would+动词原形 （07全国）____ he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race. A.If B.Since C.Though D.When 注： 1.主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，根据意思的需要可用情态动词could,might等代替should,would. 2.条件句中如动词是be,其过去式所有人称的单复数都用were，但在口语中，第一三人称单数常用was代替were,但是if I were you是不变的。 3.当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首eg.Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. Were she here, she would agree with us. Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 注：若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首…就好了；悔不该；但愿”（=if only）wish后表示与现在事实相反的愿望，后面接动词过去式；表示与过去事实相反的愿望，后面接had+done；表示将来难以实现的愿望，后面接could/should/would/might+动原。 eg.I wish I were 10 years younger.(对现在情况的虚拟) I wish I had gone to the football match last night.(对过去情况的虚拟) I wish I could become a super star some day. 注：主句中wish的各种时态都不影响从句的时态。 eg.He wishes you would go and visit him. (02上海)How I wish every family____a large house with a beautiful garden! A.has B.had C.will have D.had had 2)用于if only，as if/though引导的条件状语从句中，动词形式与wish的宾语从句的谓语动词相同。 eg.She looked after the orphan as if he were her own child. (03上海)Look at the trouble I am in!If only I ___ your advice. A.followed B.would follow C.had followed D.should follow 3)It is (high/about) time that + should do/动词过去式. eg.It is time that you should go home. 注：此处的should不能省略。 （现在或将来动作）动词过去式 4)would rather + 从句 “宁愿别人做某事” （过去动作）过去完成时 eg.I would rather you did not tell him.(将来动作) would rather do“宁愿自己做某事” 5)一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”。….（表语） I made a suggestion that….(同位语) It is suggested that…. 注：a.suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气表情绪观点的形