语法复习：倒装句.docVIP

语法复习：倒装句 英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。 将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装 只将助动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。 ( does, do, did+主语 + 动原 ； had /have + 主语+ done；)或( 情态动词+ 主语+ 动原) （一 完全倒装）倒装句的意义 1、为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。 e.g. Away hurried the boy(名词). Away he（代词） hurried. Out rushed the girl. 2、在here, there, / now, then/ 等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装） e.g. There goes the bell. Here is an apple for you. There she comes. There comes Xiaoling. Here you are. 3、在 “there be” 结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。e.g. There is a box on the table. 4、直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。（完全倒装） e.g. “Very well,” said the French student. “Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please.” said he. 部分倒装 1、在疑问句中。e.g. Is she singing in the classroom? What does your mother do? 2、重复倒装句型，用在以so, nor, neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”、“也这样”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。 e.g. I am watching TV. So is she. My parents didn’t watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I. --- He works hard. ---- so he does. So _do__ I 3、在以never, little, hardly（几乎没有）, not only, few, not, seldom（很少）， not until…/等否定副词或一些否定短语 ， 如：at no time, in no way, under no circumstances, in no case, on no account (都译为“决不”开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。 e.g. Little did he say at the meeting. Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army. 比较：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army. 4、用于以only+ 所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句+ 主句结构中。 e.g. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk. Only in this way can we learn English well. Only then did I realize that you are right. 注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。（only 强调主语时不倒装） e.g. Only Wang Lili knows this. 5、在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had助动词 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。 e.g. Had I had time (= If I had had time), I would have gone and helped you. Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad. Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.