动名词(总复习用).pptVIP

Since then, finding ways to grow more rive has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rive output. Dr yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the field. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. * The use of v-ing 一、v-ing的形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 二、功能及用法 1．V-ing（短语）做主语，如： Writing the book has taken up all his spare time. Seeing is believing. 注①：v-ing（短语）做主语还常用于下列结构： a.??It’s no use sending him over. It’s too late already. It’s no good talking a lot without doing anything. It’s a waste of time arguing about it. b. There’s no joking about such matters. There’s no saying what he’ll be doing next. There’s no telling what he’s going to do. 注②：v-ing作主语与不定式作主语的区别： v-ing作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起，如： It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体) 在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换： a. 当表语是v-ing时，主语也要用v-ing；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. b. v-ing和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将v-ing或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用v-ing，不宜用不定式来代替： It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing … 而在It’s important … / It’s necessary … / It’s advisable … / It’s essential … / It’s fitting … 这类句型中，只能用不定式，如： It’s important to learn foreign languages. It’s quite necessary to read it many times. 2．V-ing（短语）作表语，如： Their job is building houses. His job is raising pigs. 注①：v-ing作表语与不定式作表语的区别： v-ing作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯；不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作，特别是将来的动作，试比较： My favourite sport is swimming. The first thing for us to do is to improve