英国文学--Shakespeare-Sonnet 1829.ppt

Sonnet 18 Sonnet 29 William Shakespeare Common Sense: Old Poetic Use Thou: “you” as subject Thee: “you” as object Thy: “your” followed by a consonant Thine: “your” followed by a vowel Art: are Est, st: second person singular Hath: has This poem might be divided into 3 parts.  Meter and Feet The meter of a verse can be described as a sequence of feet, each foot being a specific sequence of syllable types. 某种固定的轻重搭配叫“音步”（foot)。一行诗中轻重搭配出现的次数叫音步数”（meter) 。 英文诗行的长度范围一般是一至五音步 一音步诗：monometer 二音步诗：dimeter 三音步诗：trimeter 四音步诗：tetrameter 五音步诗：pentameter 一个重读音节与一或两个轻读音节按一定的模式搭配起来，有规律地反复出现就是英文诗歌的节奏。 某种固定的轻重搭配叫“音步”（foot），一行诗中轻重搭配出现的次数叫音步数（meter)。 轻读音节是“抑”，重读音节是“扬”，如一轻一重，为抑扬格。英语中有大量的单词，其发音都是一轻一重，如adore, excite, above, around, appear, besides, attack, supply, believe, return等，所以用英语写诗，用抑扬格就很便利。 也就是说，抑扬格很符合英语的发音规律。因此，在英文诗歌中用得最多的便是抑扬格，百分之九十的英文诗都是用抑扬格写成的。 Types of Sonnet There are mainly three types of sonnet: The Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet The English (Shakespearean, Elizabethan) sonnet The Spenserian sonnet Type 1: the Petrarchan sonnet Structure: an octave (an eight-line stanza) followed by an sestet (a six-line stanza) Rhyme scheme: abbaabba cdecde or: abbaabba cdcdcd Note: This type of sonnet is constructed with a change of thought or turn between the octave and the sestet, so that the content and the form are allied. Type 2: the Shakespearean sonnet Structure three quatrains (a four-line stanza) followed by a couplet (a pair of rhymed lines) Rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg Note Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets. The first 126 sonnets are dedicated to a young man; sonnets 127—152 are dedicated to a “dark lady”, and the final two are allegorical. Type 3: the Spenserian sonnet Structure three quatrains and a couplet, and the couplet introduces new rhyme sounds to the poem Rhyme scheme the rhyme scheme interconnects the sound of the three quatrains: abab bcbc cdcd ee Sonnet 18 Paraphrase of Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summers day? “The