AIR QUALITY MODELLING [教程].pptVIP

The Application of CFD to the Estimation of Motor Vehicle Pollution in Urban Environments Prof. John M. Crowther School of the Built Natural Environment Glasgow Caledonian University Topics to be covered Introduction Rationale for air quality modelling Main pollutants and their health effects Advection/diffusion models Two-dimensional CFD models Three-dimensional CFD models Conclusions Introduction Polluted air can adversely affect humans, plants, animals and buildings. Major pollution events can cause illness and death Chronic pollution, even at low levels can cause and exacerbate respiratory illness. Pollution may arise from industry, domestic and commercial heating, agriculture and transport. Major problems are now being created by motor vehicles, despite technological improvements. Glasgow Street Canyon Glasgow Urban Motorway Rationale for Air Quality Modelling Establishing emission control legislation Evaluating emission control strategies Locating future sources Planning control of pollution episodes Assessing responsibility for pollution Spatial and temporal interpolation of data Main Air Pollutants Carbon monoxide Sulphur dioxide Nitrogen dioxide Particulate Matter Lead Benzene 1,3-butadiene Heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Ni, Cr) Arsenic Poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) Ozone Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) Air Pollution Targets the Eyes, Respiratory System and Nervous System Carbon monoxide Caused by incomplete combustion of carbon in the fuel Internal Combustion engine is primary source in urban areas Combines with haemoglobin in the blood and affects nervous system Relatively long lifetime in atmosphere: 50 days Effectively a conserved tracer Air Quality Models Air quality models attempt to simulate the concentrations of air pollutants in the real world. Mathematical models use analytical and numerical formulations, usually implemented on computers. Models may be deterministic or statistical. Models may be based on first principles or be empirical. Eulerian Advectio