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* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 主讲人：姚鹏 班级：微电子02 Facing the physical limits： Robert Colwell, former chief architect at Intel, predicted that by as early as 2020, the computing industry will no longer be able to keep making performance and cost improvements by doubling the density of silicon transistors on chips every 18 to 24 months—a feat dubbed Moore’s Law after the Intel cofounder Gordon Moore, who first observed the trend. Facing the physical limits： “We are well aware that silicon is running out of steam, and within 10 years it’s coming to its end,” says Zhirnov. （Victor Zhirnov, a specialist in nanoelectronics at the?Semiconductor Research Corporation?in Durham, North Carolina） Facing the physical limits： Although advanceswith silicon-based electronics continue to be made, alternative technologies are being explored：nanowires, spintronics, graphene, biological computer No one has made a central processing unit based on any of them，but the CNTS。 THE BREAKTHROUGH The achievement is reported inSep. 25, 2013? in an article on the cover of Nature?Magazine written by Max Shulaker and other doctoral students in electrical engineering. The research was led by Stanford professors Subhasish Mitra and H.S. Philip Wong THE BREAKTHROUGH THE BREAKTHROUGH Max Shulaker, doctoral student in electrical engineering at Stanford University, holds a wafer filled with carbon nanotube computers (CNTs). To his left, a basic CNT computer utilizing this technology is sandwiched beneath a probe card to input and output signals. This scanning electron microscopy(SEM) image shows a section of the first-ever carbon nanotube computer. The image was colored to identify different parts of the chip. THE BREAKTHROUGH Why the CNTS circuits repalace the silicon? Digital cir-cuits based on transistors fabricated from carbon nanotubes