定语从句疑难问题.docVIP

一： 本人在每届学生学习定语从句时发现有以下几点需要注意： 注意定语从句和词组的区别。学生往往把带有定语从句的词组当作句子，如;the girl who has long hair 注意定语从句和宾语从句的区别，初学学生往往不会辨析这两种从句，需要教师注意。 在学习定语从句时应该先教会学生如何去缩句，即像语文里那样去找句子的主干。 一般来说初中阶段学习的定语从句的引导词往往在定语从句中做主语或宾语（whose除外），如果既不做主语也不做宾语时，我们可以考虑关系副词，如where,when,why等。 定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式不取决于引导词而取决于先行词。 二：除了以上几点，学习定语从句还必须注意以下一些语法上的问题。 （一）定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词叫先行词。从句一般用关系代词或关系副词引导，在先行词之后。关系词在定语从句中充当一个成分。一般来说，关系代词 who （做主语或宾语）和 whom（只能做宾语）指人，which（做主语或宾语）指物，whose 指某人的，that（做主语或宾语，做主语指代人时一般用 who）可指人和物。关系代词充当主语时不能省略，充当宾语时可以省略。where, when, why 是关系副词。where 指地方，when 指时间，why 指原因。 e.g. 1. The man who came to see me this morning is my cousin. 2. He is a student (who, whom, that) we should learn from. 3. The present (which, that) he sent me last night is a nice watch. 4. Fetch me the dictionary which (that) is lying on the desk. 5. Is there anyone whose name is Linda? 6. This is the place where we spent our childhood. 7. Hell always remember the day when his grandmother passed away. 8. This is the reason why they were late for the meeting. （二）定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句用来限制所修饰的对象的意义。这类从句是不能拿掉的。如果拿掉了，那么剩下部分的意思会不清楚。非限制性定语从句只是对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，仅起补充作用，拿掉它，其它部分仍能成立。通常用逗号与它所修饰的对象分开。 e.g. 1. Do you know the teacher who spoke at the parents meeting just now? 2. The book was written by Lu Xun, who was a great writer. 3. They have invited some foreign friends to the Shanghai High School, which is famous both at home and abroad. 4. Have you ever been to Sydney, which is the most exciting city in Australia? (三)注意要点： 1．一下情况不能用关系代词 which (who)，只能用关系代词 that。 1) 当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。 This is the best book that Ive ever read. This is the first thing that I want to do. 2）当先行词是 anything, everything, nothing 时。（something用 which, that都可以。） He will do everything that he can to help that fatherless child. 3) 当先行词被 all, only, very, any, just, no, much等词修饰时。 Im not interested in all that he told me. This is t