10 诱变育种2 草坪、牧草育种及生物技术课件.pptVIP

Chimera Types Sectoral Periclinal Mericlinal Chimera Development Periclinal Mericlinal Sectoral Sectoral Chimera Sectoral Chimera Chimera in M1 Periclinal Chimera Mericlinal Chimera 牧草与草坪草育种学——绪论 Chapter 10 Mutation Breeding Later 20 century：laser breeding and space breeding . 啊，又一颗卫星飞上太空， 人类的生活进入新的日程—— 卫星载着地球的种子， 让稻麦蔬菜去享受新生…… 　 多么奇妙！遨游数日以后， 种子再回来便有了特异功能！ 经过选育的青辣椒， 一个就会长到半斤重！ 哈！最大的青辣椒！ 一个就能炒一盘美味佳肴， 而且它那维生素C的含量， 会有百分之十五以上的提高…… 哈！小麦的种子也因此而变异， 新的麦苗可早熟又抗病抗倒。 科学真好！太空育种真妙！ 这其中的奥秘谁能知道？ 　 不同作物诱变育成品种 Mutation(突变): Mutation is a sudden heritable change in the genetic material at the gene or chromosome level. Using induced(诱发的) mutants in the breeding programs for developing superior varieties is known as mutation breeding. 1.Histroy 2. The function and position of induced mutation 3 physical mutagens and its methods 4. Mode of Action of Mutagens 5 Chemical mutagens and its methods 6. Screening the populations to select mutants desirable （1）physical induced mutation： 1904: De.Vries had a foresight to suggest the use of radiation to induce mutation. 1908: Gager reported the result of induced mutation. 1927：Muller HJ. found a large number of mutant in fruit fly by X-rays. 1.Histroy （2）chemical induced mutation： 1948：Gustafsson used mustard gas and induced barley mutant. 1967：Nilan used DES to tread the seed of barley and bred short straw, higher yield cultivar Luther. 2. The function and position of induced mutation Increase the rate of mutation，expand the range of mutation，produce new traits and new type that don’t exist in nature； Break the linkage of traits，accelerate the recombination of gene； Change some traits coded by one gene effectively； Can be used simply，fasten the stable rate，shorten the time of breeding； Enhance the stress resistance，improve the quality of crop. Increase the rate of mutation，expand the range of mutation，produce new traits and new type that don’t exist in nature； The rate of spontaneous mutations is very low, usually o