国贸理论与政策Economic Growth and International TradePPT.ppt

Copyright by Qian Xuefeng Ch.8 Economic Growth and International Trade * * Ch.8 Economic Growth and International Trade Introduction Growth of factors of production Technical progress Growth and trade: a Small-Country case Growth and trade: a Large-Country case * * Labor Growth and Capital Accumulation Over Time balanced growth: L and K double, X and Y double. unbalanced growth: Only L doubles, X grows less than doubles * * The Rybczynski Theorem At constant commodity prices, an increase in the endowment of one factor will increase by a greater proportion the output of the commodity intensive in that factor and will reduce the output of the other commodity. X: L-intensive Y: K-intensive Only L growth Full employment X rises Y declines constant commodity prices constant factor prices constant K/L ratios and K, L productivity Reduce Y, release enough K to absorb L * * The Growth of Labor Only and the Rybczynski Theorem 130X, 20Y 270X, 10Y * * Dutch disease (2) A resource boom will affect this economy in two ways: The resource movement effect, the resource boom will increase the demand for labor, which will cause production to shift toward the booming sector, away from the lagging sector. This shift in labor from the lagging sector to the booming sector is called direct-deindustrialization. The spending movement effect occurs as a result of the extra revenue brought in by the resource boom. It increases the demand for labor in the non-tradable, shifting labor away from the lagging sector. This shift from the lagging sector to the non-tradable sector is called indirect-deindustrialization. As a result of the increased demand for non-traded goods, the price of these goods will increase. * * Dutch disease (3) 山西经济：一个被资源诅咒的样本。《中国经营报》2004年4月19日头版头条报道山西的煤矿主大量在京津沪购买房产，每年资本流出超过百亿。另据《2003年中国经济年鉴》对山西经济存在的问题的描述：“一是结构调整中受原材料市场好转带来的短期利益驱使出现产业复归的倾向；二是环境污染的潜在压力巨大；三是优秀企业家不足；四是投资环境与经济发展的要求还有很大距离”等等。另有一些消息说太原的服务业畸形繁荣，所有证据表明山西的经济有可能患上了荷兰病。《经济研究》2006年第1期：《自然资源丰裕程度与经济发展水平关