四肢肌).2011ppt.ppt

Department of Human Anatomy Hubei University of Medicine The muscles of limbs 四 肢 肌 彭 兴 春 ● 掌握：上肢浅层肌肉（三角肌、小圆肌、大圆肌、 冈上、下肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、臂肌及前臂肌）的名称、分群及作用。 ●掌握：下肢浅层肌肉（髂腰肌、臀大肌、梨状肌、缝匠肌、股四头肌、长收肌、股二头肌、半腱肌、半膜肌）的名称、分群及作用。 ●了解：足背及足底肌的位置、分群和功能。 【目的与要求】 The muscles of upper limb According to their locations, the muscles of upper limb are divided into: The muscles of shoulder 上肢带肌 The muscles of arm 臂肌 The muscles of forearm 前臂肌 The muscles of hand 手肌 The muscles of Shoulder They surround, protect and act the shoulder joint. They arise from the shoulder girdle and are inserted into the humerus. There are six muscles in this group. Deltoid 三角肌 Supraspinatus 冈上肌 Infraspinatus 冈下肌 Teres minor 小圆肌 Teres major 大圆肌 Subscapularis 肩胛下肌 Deltoid 三角肌 Origin: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus Action: abducts the arm，anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm（外展肩关节） 预防针注射部位 肱骨外科颈骨折时，腋神经受损会引起三角肌瘫痪，形成“方肩”畸形 Origin: long head, supraglenoid tubercle; short head, coracoid process Insertion: radial tuberosity Action: flexor of elbow joint （屈肘） Biceps brachii 肱二头肌 Triceps brachii 肱三头肌 Origin: long head, infraglenoid tubercle; lateral head, above groove for radical n ; medial head, below groove for radical n. Insertion: olecranon of ulna Action: extends elbow joint （伸肘） ● Trilateral foramen 三边孔 旋肩胛A ● Quadrilateral foramen 四边孔 腋N、旋肱后A The muscles of forearm They consist of an anterior and a posterior group. the anterior group are flexors of the wrist and fingers. the posterior group are the extensors of the wrist and fingers. The muscles of forearm Superficial layer 从桡侧到尺侧 Brachioradialis 肱桡肌 Pronator teres 旋前圆肌 Flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌 Palmaris longus 掌长肌 Flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌 (屈肘、旋前、屈腕、腕内收及外展） Anterior group (9) Second layer－