_形合与意合.ppt

英语重后饰;汉语重前饰. 汉语句子的语序一般以思维程序展开,而中国人的思维方式多是先考虑事物的环境和外围因素,再考虑具体事物和中心事件.反映到句式上,就是状语总放在谓语或句子主体的前边,定语无论长短,都要置于中心词之前.这样就使得单句的状语部分长,主谓部分短;主语部分长,谓语部分短;修饰成分长,中心词短.整体上形成头大尾小的狮子头形状. 英语重后饰;汉语重前饰. 英语句式则相反.英语的定语成分除单词外,多数都要置于中心词之后.英语重视末端重量,凡较长的词语及累赘的成分均须后移至句末.有时必须使用形式主语来避免句子的头重脚轻.由此造成句子结构头小尾大,像一只开屏的孔雀. 英语重后饰;汉语重前饰. 他去年为完成一个项目在实验室用计算机努力地干了十个月. He worked hard with computers in the lab for ten months in order to complete a project last year. 那可能是一个地势低洼,连绵数英里,人迹罕至,荒茫贫瘠的白色干沙漠. It may be a low-lying arid stretch with miles of white sandy beach, and no sign of people, very bleached and barren. 那个饥饿的,疲倦的,瞌睡的卖火柴的小女孩 that little match girl who was so hungry, tired and sleepy A Comparison between EC in Translation 观点阐释 Way of Life (生活) 时间观念 Contacts(传播) Sundays on the Road Party宴会 In the restaurant 就餐 Traveling Handling of Problems Transportation Elderly in day to day life The Boss Whats Trendy The child Why contrastive study? 英语和汉语属于两种不同的语系，了解两种语言的差异能够提高我们对语言的理解能力，提高语际翻译的效率和质量，因为“一句中国话，翻成英文怎么说；一句英语，中国话里怎样表达，这也是一种比较，只有比较才能看出各种语文表现法的共同之点和特殊之点。 （吕叔湘） If one wants to be a qualified translator, one should, first of all, have a penetrating study and careful comparison of the similarities and differences between these two languages so that one may find the corresponding laws and methods in the translation between them, do translation effectively and ensure the quality of translation. 2. Even if I were to be beaten to death, I will not tell. (即使我将会被)打死 我也不说。 (如果)冬天来了， 春天还会远么？ 1. If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 3. 阳光灿烂， 晴空万里。 The sun is bright, and the sky is clear. Translate and Compare: (Compound 并列) (Condition 条件) (Concession 让步) Chinese Meaning-focused with emphasis on implicit coherence (隐性连贯) Paratactic 意合 (以意统形) P9 English Form-focused with emphasis on explicit cohesion （显性联接） Hypotactic 形合 (以形驭意) Difference 1 (American Heritage Dictionar