Encyclopedia Of Nanoscience And Nanotechnology 2713 Nucleation Of Nanoparticles In Ultrathin Polymer Films英文电子书.pdf

Nucleation of Nanoparticles in Ultrathin Polymer Films N Pieter Stroeve University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A. INTRODUCTION that is readily manifested as sharp changes in color visible to the naked eye. Depending on the particle size, the In recent years, the fabrication of nanostructured materials color of CdS colloids may vary from blue to red, whereas and exploration of their properties have attracted the at- PbS nanoparticles may appear pale yellow, orange, red, tention of physicists, chemists, biologists, and engi- or black. [1–4] [15–17] neers. Interest in such systems arises from the fact Nanoparticles has been studied in micelles, that the mechanical, chemical, electrical, optical, mag- vesicles,[18,19] sol–gel glasses,[20,21] zeolites,[22,23] Lang- netic, electrooptical, and magnetooptical properties of muir–Blodgett (LB) films,[24,25] and polymers.[26,27] In these particles are different from their bulk properties most cases the clusters have poorly defined surfaces and a and depend on the particle size.[5–9] There are numerous broad distribution of particle sizes. Empedocles et al.[28] areas where nanoparticulate systems are of scientific and have demonstrated control in preparing monodisperse technological interest. To produce these systems in ap- CdSe clusters using