英汉双语化学入门第十一章翻译.docxVIP

CE 11The orientation that a set of atoms assumes in the formation of a given molecule may explained qualitatively on the basis of electrostatic repulsions between electron pairs.假设一组原子的电子对之间的静电斥力的基础或许能在质量上解释形成一个给定分子的方向。In the application of this concept,attention is directed to the valence level of the central atom of the molecule,and the diagrams for the examples that follow show only the electrons of this level of the central atom. 在这个概念的应用中，注意指向的分子的中心原子的化合价水平，并示出的例子的图只示出此水平的电子中心原子。Mercury has two electrons in its valence level(6s2);these are used to form two covalent bonds with two chlorine atoms in the mercuric chloride molecule,HgCl2.汞在它的6s2价电子层上有两个电子；在氯化汞分子中它们通常与两个氯离子形成两个共价键。这个分子是线性的The 氯化汞 molecule assumes a configuration such that the two electron-pair bonds are as widely separated as possible,thus minimizing the electrostatic repulsion between them.假设氯化汞分子的结构能使两电子对键尽可能远地分开，从而最大限度地减少它们之间的静电斥力。BAB这类分子总是线性的；溴，锌 铬和汞形成这类分子。The boron trifluoride molecule is triangular and planar. 三氟化硼分子是平面三角形的。In the methane molecule ,CH4,the central carbon atom has four pairs of electrons in bonds.CH4甲烷分子中，中心碳原子有四对电子成键。The Lweis structure,which does not depict the molecule geometry,is勒韦的结构不描述分子的几何结构，The electrostatic repulsions between the bond pairs are at a minimum when the bonds are directed toward the comers of a regular tetrahedron;in this configuration,all of the bonds are equidistant from one another. 当化学键是指向一个正四面体的顶角键对之间的静电斥力最小；在这种结构中，所有的键都与另一个等距。The structure of 氨 can also be related to the tetrahedron. 氨的结构也与四面体相关。The 氮原子 has three electron pairs engaged in bonding and a fourth pair,which is called a lone pair of electrons.氮原子有三个电子对参与成键而第四对我们称为孤对电子。 The representation used to show a lone pair of electrons in the figures should not be interpreted on the same manner as the boundary surface diagrams of the atomic orbitals;the lone pairs bear a closer relationship to the electrons it hybridized orbitals (SP3杂化).通常用来表示电子中孤对电子的陈述不应该以同样的方式来解释原子轨道的边界面；孤对电子和SP3上的电子产生更近的关系。The f