英文版语言学复习题.docVIP

Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. (20%) T /Concerning the origin of the first language, there are two main hypotheses, or beliefs: belief in divine creation and natural evolution hypothesis. The allophones of a phoneme must bear some phonetic resemblance. True T/ Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution. They do not distinguish meaning. They occur in different phonetic contexts. T/ The allophones of a phoneme must bear some phonetic resemblance F/ Of the two media of language, writing is more basic than speech (反) F/ The essential difference between consonants and vowels is that in the production of consonants/vowels, the airstream meets with no obstruction of any kind in the throat, the nose or the mouth, while in that of the latter it is somehow obstructed. Phonetics/Phonology aims to ‘discover the principles that govern the way sounds are organized in languages, and to explain the variations that occur’. F /There are four necessity(imitation) hypotheses that hold that language began through some sort of human mimicry of naturally occurring sounds or movements. Nouns, verbs and adjectives are open-class items. ( T ) Allomorphs can be defined as the variant forms of a morpheme. ( T ) The four words “go, goes, going, gone” are related to one another by process of derivation. ( F ) inflection. Roots and affixes can be free morphemes. ( F ) affixes are bound morphemes F/ Language is a system of arbitrary written/vocal symbols used for human communication. F/ A linguist makes observations about language in general or about individual languages/Deletion F/Grammar(Syntax) is a branch of linguistics that studies the rules that govern the formation of sentences. T/Adopting the term generative from mathematics, linguist Noam Chomsky introduced the concept of generative grammar in the 1950s. F/ Simply put, a generative grammar is a theory of performance/competence: a model of the psychological system of unco